Iran’s new internet law has economic and social risks

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Content Type ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Internet Law

Headline IRAN: New internet law has economic and social risks

The moderating role of perceived social risk in bank credit card referral programs

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1601-1616
Author(s):  
Chanho Song ◽  
Tuo Wang ◽  
Hyunjung Lee ◽  
Michael Y. Hu
Keyword(s):  
Credit Card ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Referral Decisions ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Risk Balance ◽  
Referral Decision ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk ◽  
Moderating Role

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how the effects of referral rewards in referral reward programs (RRPs) are moderated through perceived social risk of a recommender.Design/methodology/approachA total of 717 consumers are accessed through Amazon's Mechanical Turk worker panel. The authors use t-test and analysis of variance to test the proposed hypotheses.FindingsThe findings show that consumers with high perceived social risk balance financial rewards with social risks, while low social risk consumers largely ignore these social risk elements surrounding a referral decision.Originality/valueThe inclusion of perceived social risk provides the opportunity to fully understand how a consumer goes about balancing social risk and referral rewards in making referral decisions. The concept of social risk has not been previously applied to this context.

Understanding counterfeit consumption

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Tang ◽  
Vane-Ing Tian ◽  
Judy Zaichkowsky
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Counterfeit Products ◽  
Qualitative Responses ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to create a framework for broadly understanding categories and motivations behind purchasing different counterfeit products. Design/methodology/approach – Focus groups provided qualitative data from 509 counterfeit purchases incidents by 95 informants. Findings – The most frequently mentioned motivation was the utility (35 percent) received from the good over the genuine article. The second, but negative, motivation was the perceived risk involved in the purchase (22 percent), whether it is physical or social risk. Social norms, confusion, and ethical concerns each represented about 10 percent of the motivations toward the purchase of counterfeit items. The least mentioned motivations to purchase, at less than 4 percent each, were culture, habit, and desire to explore. These factors were evident across a variety of 15 product categories, headed by electronics, such as DVDs and computer software. Practical implications – Through targeting negative motivations, such as perceived physical and social risks, businesses can devise strategies from a demand side perspective to overcome the problem of counterfeit consumption. Originality/value – Qualitative responses, over many product categories, provide a unique overview to the perception of counterfeit consumption. The finding that consumer ethics may depend on whether the activity benefits the society as a whole is worthy of additional discussion. The authors learn that when consumers thought their counterfeit consumption caused little or no harm, they do not see much ethical concern in their actions.

‘Burglar alarms’ and the making of social risks

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Kit Chan
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Risk Society ◽  
Expert Advice ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Facts ◽  
News Sources ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
News Events

Purpose This paper explicates news making process of social risks in the midst of inconclusive social facts and contested interpretation of social consequences. Specifically, the author aims to investigate how journalists perform the normative role of “Burglar Alarms” – raising social concern to risks and problems amid uncertainties stemming from risk society. Shedding light on the controversies of “tourism capacity” in Hong Kong, this study unravels how news discourses represented the social risks of “outnumbered” Chinese tourists amid ambiguous facts and questionable credibility of news sources. Content analysis of news discourses and interviews with journalists showed that there are emerging journalistic practices – namely, witnessing performativity and opinionated objectivity – to construct social risks in view of less credible news sources, volatile public opinion and highly speculative news events. Design/methodology/approach Content analysis of news discourses was represented in the press and in-depth interviews with journalists. Findings Content analysis of news discourses and interviews with journalists showed that there are emerging journalistic practices – namely, witnessing performativity and opinionated objectivity – to construct social risks in view of less credible news sources, volatile public opinion and highly speculative news events. Originality/value Informed by the theory of risk society, this paper explores how journalists set out the “Burglar Alarms” of social risks by constructing social facts in the midst of questionable authorities and limited expert advice. Instead of relying on authoritative interpretation of social risks, journalists performed as the witnesses to the “reality” of social risks and problems, however selective and interpretative, to the audience. They also articulated to the general will of the people and selective representation of everyday life experience so as to justify their opinionated news angle and the pledge to news objectivity.

Cuba internet law to complicate expressions of dissent

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Media Law ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Internet Law

Headline CUBA: Media law may complicate expressions of dissent

Curbing the drawbacks of digitization on psycho-social risks at work in educational institutions. Preliminary evidence from Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocco Palumbo
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Healthy Workplace

Purpose Digitization is reshaping the functioning of educational institutions. Large attention has been paid to the innovative service models enabled by digitization. However, the implications of digitization on employees’ well-being need further investigation. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of digitization on psycho-social risks at work in a large sample of European educational institutions. Design/methodology/approach Secondary data were collected from the third wave of the European Survey of Enterprises on New and Emerging Risks (ESENER). A serial mediation model was designed to obtain evidence on the implications of digitization on the psycho-social risks at work in 3,540 educational institutions. Alongside the direct implications of digitization on psycho-social risks, its indirect effects mediated by occupational health interventions and healthy workplace initiatives were investigated. Findings Digitization exacerbated psycho-social stressors at work. Increasing time pressures and intensifying work, digitization imperiled the employees’ well-being. Occupational health partially mediated the implications of digitization on psycho-social risks. Although healthy workplace interventions seemed to prevent the side effects of digitization on psycho-social risk, its mediating role was not statistically significant. Practical implications Digitization should be accompanied by interventions aimed at ensuring occupational health and at promoting a healthy workplace to minimize its drawbacks on psycho-social risks. Occupational health creates a greater awareness of the negative effects of digitization on work-related stressors. Healthy workplace initiatives contribute to enhancing the employees’ psycho-physical well-being. Originality/value This study reports the negative implications of digitization on psycho-social risks at work in educational institutions, envisioning some avenues for further development.

Internet rules tighten grip without isolating Russia

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Monitoring Equipment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Driverless Cars ◽  
The Government ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Internet Law ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Subject Moves to shield Russia from the global internet. Significance The Kremlin says its new 'sovereign internet law' is designed as insurance against hostile external attacks, not as a 'firewall' block against the outside world. A recent poll and a 15,000-strong demonstration in Moscow show that many Russians disagree. The government aims to route up to 95% of Russian internet raffic through domestic servers by 2020. Impacts The government will use technology and penalties to stop 'subversive' use of the internet. If effectively implemented, the new law could severely limit freedom of expression online. Internet traffic monitoring equipment will reduce network speeds, affecting the 'internet of things', telemedicine and driverless cars. Stifling innovation and e-commerce will have wider economic impacts.

Subpolitics and sustainability reporting boundaries. The case of working conditions in global supply chains

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1535-1567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Antonini ◽  
Cornelia Beck ◽  
Carlos Larrinaga
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Sustainability Reporting ◽  
Global Supply Chains ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Sustainability Reports

PurposeThis paper explores the subpolitical role and main characteristics of a specific accounting technique, sustainability reporting boundaries. Its focus is on how the sett2ing of sustainability reporting boundaries affects the definition and distribution of social risks along the supply chain, particularly the risks related to working condition and human rights.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on Beck's (1986) exploration of the ways in which techno-economic spheres offer opportunities for the politicisation of new areas. It is argued that the sphere of sustainability reporting offers that opportunity for the politicisation of supply chains. Using the case of Inditex, the historical context of initiatives relating to the ready-made garment (RMG) industry at global, European and industry level as well as media coverage on the entity are analysed; this is correlated with the analysis of boundary setting in relation to sustainability reports, focusing specifically on working conditions.FindingsThe analysis suggests that accounting technologies that set contested boundaries are subpolitical, that is, defined outside traditional political processes. The paper finds that the way social risks are framed along the supply chain renders them invisible and impersonal and that the framing of these risks becomes endless as they are contested by different groups of experts. Setting sustainability reporting boundaries has subpolitical properties in producing and framing those risks, whilst is simultaneously limited by the inherent politicisation of such an exercise. The questionable legitimacy of sustainability reporting boundaries calls for the construction not only of discursive justifications but also of new possibilities for political participation.Research limitations/implicationsThe analysis is limited to working conditions along one organisation's supply chain.Originality/valueThe contribution of this paper is threefold: (1) It studies in-depth how working conditions in global supply chains are portrayed in sustainability reports. (2) It answers the call to study accounting technologies themselves, in this case sustainability reporting boundaries. (3) It extends Beck's work on global ecological dangers to working conditions in global supply chains to explore how sustainability reporting boundaries are subpolitically involved in the definition and distribution of social risks along the supply chain.

Diversification of educational services in the conditions of industry 4.0 on the basis of AI training

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 206-212
Author(s):  
Aleksei V. Bogoviz ◽  
Svetlana V. Lobova ◽  
Marina V. Karp ◽  
Evgeny V. Vologdin ◽  
Alexander N Alekseev
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Risks

Purpose The purpose of the paper is to determine the perspectives of diversification of educational services in the conditions of industry 4.0 on the basis of artificial intelligence (AI) training, determine the consequences of this process for academic and teaching staff and to develop recommendations for its practical implementation. Design/methodology/approach The methods of horizontal, trends and regression analysis are used for studying social consequences of digital modernization of the markets of higher education (for academic and teaching staff). The research is performed by the example of modern Russia on the basis of the statistical data of Federal State Statistics Service and the International Telecommunication Union. The timeframe of the research covers academic years 2000/2001-2018/2019. Findings It is determined that digital modernization of the sphere of higher education stimulates the reduction of the universities’ need for academic and teaching staff and growth of their unemployment. However, further digital modernization of economy on the basis of breakthrough technologies of industry 4.0 will lead to creation of a new type of educational services that are provided within entrepreneurship of universities – AI training of business. This will ensure development of university entrepreneurship (and reduction of dependence of universities on state financing), as well as growth of the employment opportunities for experts (academic and teaching staff) in the sphere of AI, which will not depend on the number of students, but will be connected to demand for AI training from digital business. Originality/value The role of AI training in the structure of production business processes of a university in the conditions of industry 4.0 is determined. The necessity for state stimulation of development of digital business in the modern economic systems is substantiated. It is shown that government has to pay close attention to the issues of support in the sphere of AI and mass distribution of their results. Because of this, it will be possible to control social risks in the sphere of higher education.

Staff shortages in Swedish elderly care – reflections on gender and diversity politics

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-278
Author(s):  
Linda Lill
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Care ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
National Level ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Care Chain ◽  
Public Media ◽  
The Government

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the labor shortage is described at the national level and how these problematizations correlate to gender and diversity politics. The paper is overview of the governance of staff shortages in elderly care, how it is articulated and how the governmental scenario of solutions, which includes the channeling of unemployed migrants into elderly care. Politicians and public media describe the situation as desperate and the issue of the staff shortages in elderly care is described as a state of crisis. A highly profiled solution is to open up elderly care for unemployed migrants. Design/methodology/approach By analyzing specific management strategies for controlling a phenomenon, the paper will also be able to highlight values surrounding the phenomenon. The ambition is to understand how institutions, authorities and organizations handle practical forms of knowledge that are aimed to implement a particular policy or working method within the welfare system. Findings One important aspect of the findings is the ways in which these official political discourses link the issues of migration and the shortages of staff in elderly care. But also visualize factors in how the government bodies with the formal responsibilities and authorities express their concerns about these links and the quality of the elderly care more generally. Originality/value It is well-known that migrants are employed to take care of the growing population of elderly in Europe. In Spain and Italy, for example, immigrants are frequently employed directly by families to care for their elderly family members. This type of employment entails a series of new social risks. The most important of those risks is the global “care chain” that these arrangements incur for the sending families, who lose a family member on whom they depend. This paper is connecting the international research on the global “care chain,” but focuses on the Swedish context, where the migrants already are established and elderly care work is not linked to migration in the same way. However, the experience of migration and the importance of transnational and cultural knowledge can be influential in understanding the changing processes in Swedish elderly care, not the least as the question of staff recruitment has been linked to migration by the highest political levels.

Reducing the social risks of transnational railway construction: a discussion on the formation mechanism of host country people's coping behaviors

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaqiang Li ◽  
Yiting Zhong ◽  
Chunmei Fan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Coping Behavior ◽  
Coping Behaviors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Railway Construction ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Country Of Origin Image ◽  
Country People

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the formation mechanism of the host country people's coping behavior regarding the construction of transnational railways to help engineering managers and decision makers improve their risk management and lead to sustainable transnational railway construction projects.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopted the grounded theory methodology to analyze the news stories reported by “Belt and Road Portal” and “The New York Times” about eight transnational railways. They were China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan (Central Asia), Mecca-to-Medina (West Asia), Hungarian–Serbia (Europe), China–Nepal (South Asia), Bi-Oceanic (South America), Mombasa–Nairobi (Africa), China–Laos (Southeast Asia) and Panama railways (North America). The keywords for news search were the names of each railway. After eliminating the problem sentences with semantic repetition and ambiguity, 2,631 effective sentences were formed to screen the information and code. The process included open, axial and selective coding.FindingsIt was concluded that the core structure of the formation mechanism was “situation,” “influence factor,” “cognition” and “coping behavior.” The country-of-origin image has served as an adjustment function in the analysis for the host country people. Governance strategies were suggested focusing on risk prevention, risk mitigation and risk response according to social risk management.Research limitations/implicationsThe rise of transnational railway construction is encouraged by the process of globalization. But during the long construction period, the host country people's coping behavior would develop into social conflicts and mass incidents, becoming a significant obstacle to construction objectives. Thus, studying the formation mechanism of public coping behaviors can better take measures to prevent social risks.Originality/valueThe contributions of this research are three aspects: first, a formation mechanism of the host country people's coping behavior based on grounded theory is presented. Second, the country-of-origin image is found to be a factor that cannot be ignored in a transnational context. The formation mechanism of public coping behaviors is improved compared to risk management in the domestic situation. Finally, the host country people pay more attention to the motivations of country-of-origin's controlling interests and their own emotions compared with internal stakeholders.

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