scholarly journals Regulatory intensity in English and German professional football

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Bachmaier ◽  
Joachim Lammert ◽  
Daniel Plumley ◽  
Robert Wilson ◽  
Gregor Hovemann
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
National Level ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Premier League ◽  
Professional Team Sports ◽  
Assessment And Monitoring

Purpose In order to secure a proper execution of sporting competitions, national governing bodies of professional football leagues apply specific regulatory procedures. In this context, special focus is placed on requirements that are supposed to ensure financial stability of clubs. They, in turn, help avoid negative economic externalities, i.e. the problem that financial difficulties from one club can affect other clubs and stakeholders due to the interdependent relationships of the competition. These regulations on a national level in European professional football leagues show several significant differences. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to comprehensively analyze financial regulatory procedures of professional football leagues to generate possible improvements of the regulations in detail. Design/methodology/approach Using a document analysis of the regulation books of the English Premier League and German Bundesliga (BL), this study compares the regulatory procedures of those important European professional football leagues. Further evaluation was performed through a qualitative content analysis to develop a category system including six categories with 72 criteria from deductive and inductive procedures. For more advanced coding, an assessment scale was integrated. Findings Compared to the Premier League, the regulation of the BL points to a more intensive regulation in all categories and across all analyzed indices. The results of both leagues partially reveal that assessment and monitoring requirements tend to be ineffective, which can substantially endanger the achievement of the whole monitoring process’ aims. The intention to ensure the financial stability for securing the league competition can be missed in such a situation and negative economic externalities cannot be prevented effectively. Originality/value For the first time, this study includes all relevant requirements of financial club assessment and monitoring. Thereby, an abstract comprehensive and systematic structure for professional team sports leagues is described and allows for a concrete international comparison of two European professional football leagues. At the end, several approaches to improve the regulatory framework are provided.

scholarly journals Too big to fail? Accounting for predictions of financial distress in English professional football clubs

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Plumley ◽  
Jean-Philippe Serbera ◽  
Rob Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Financial Distress ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Too Big To Fail ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Professional Team Sports ◽  
Football Clubs

PurposeThis paper analyses English Premier League (EPL) and English Football League (EFL) championship clubs during the period 2002–2019 to anticipate financial distress with specific reference to footballs' Financial Fair Play (FFP) regulations.Design/methodology/approachData was collected for 43 professional football clubs competing in the EPL and Championship for the financial year ends 2002–2019. Analysis was conducted using the Z-score methodology and additional statistical tests were conducted to measure differences between groups. Data was split into two distinct periods to analyse club finances pre- and post-FFP.FindingsThe results show significant cases of financial distress amongst clubs in both divisions and that Championship clubs are in significantly poorer financial health than EPL clubs. In some cases, financially sustainability has worsened post-FFP. The “big 6” clubs – due to their size – seem to be more financially sound than the rest of the EPL, thus preventing a “too big to fail” effect. Overall, the financial situation in English football remains poor, a position that could be exacerbated by the economic crisis, caused by COVID-19.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings are not generalisable outside of the English football industry and the data is susceptible to usual accounting techniques and treatments.Practical implicationsThe paper recommends a re-distribution of broadcasting rights, on a more equal basis and incentivised with cost-reduction targets. The implementation of a hard salary cap at league level is also recommended to control costs. Furthermore, FFP regulations should be re-visited to deliver the original objectives of bringing about financial sustainability in European football.Originality/valueThe paper extends the evidence base of measuring financial distress in professional team sports and is also the first paper of its kind to examine this in relation to Championship clubs.

The value of having a first-tier football club in the municipality (even) when tangible benefits are absent

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-238
Author(s):  
Christian Gjersing Nielsen ◽  
Line Bjørnskov Pedersen ◽  
Rasmus K. Storm
Keyword(s):  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Football Club ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Public Subsidy ◽  
Professional Team Sports

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine citizens’ willingness to pay (WTP), in relation to having a professional first-tier football club in a medium-sized Danish municipality, when tangible economic benefits such as economic growth and/or inbound migration produced by these are absent. Design/methodology/approach Using the contingent valuation method on survey respondents, the study examines factors affecting WTP using binary logistic regression and interval regression and further extrapolates the WTP from the sample to the municipal population. Findings Citizens significantly value having a first-tier football club in their municipality even when tangible benefits are absent, although a large proportion of respondents stated to be against the municipality being financially involved in professional team sports clubs (PTSC). WTP is largely driven by interest in sports and the local football club. It is argued that the findings cannot be generalized across contexts. Research limitations/implications There can be circumstances where public subsidy of PTSCs is beneficial to economic welfare. However, authorities should be careful in their evaluation of whether to subsidize PTSCs. Originality/value The study expands on existing research by informing respondents about the lack of tangible benefits produced by PTSCs, hereby focusing on WTP on an informed basis.

Second-career teachers’ workplace learning and learning at university

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Keck Frei ◽  
Mirjam Kocher ◽  
Christine Bieri Buschor
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Student Teachers ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Workplace Learning ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Career Change ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The University

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine career-change student teachers’ practice-based learning in teacher training, with a special focus on the support they received. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on a qualitative content analysis of 15 group interviews, including 58 career-change student teachers and focuses on their learning at university and the workplace. Findings This paper indicates that career-change student teachers’ learning is task-related and based on interactions. It benefits from the support provided by actors at the university and workplace. Their learning is highly self-regulated and built on skills from prior professional and life experience. However, behaviourist learning and trial-and-error learning strategies are more often mentioned than constructionist learning and goal-oriented learning. Practical implications The findings underline the fact that universities and schools can enhance career-change student teachers’ learning by providing professional support, helping them to form links between experience from their prior profession, as well as their knowledge acquired at the university and experience from the workplace. Originality/value Until now, few studies have addressed workplace learning in teacher education. The present study aims to address this lack. Moreover, the study shows how career-change student teachers deal with the challenge of bridging the gap between theoretical and practical knowledge acquired during practice-based teacher education.

Scoring goals in multiple fields

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petros Parganas ◽  
Roman Liasko ◽  
Christos Anagnostopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Professional Team Sports ◽  
Football Clubs

Purpose Professional football clubs currently strive for a number of concurrent goals, ranging from on-field success to profit maximization to fan expansion and engagement. The purpose of this paper, theoretically informed by the social penetration theory, is to analyze the economics behind such goals and examine the association between team performance, commercial success, and social media followers in professional team sports. Design/methodology/approach A data set relating to 20 European professional football clubs that combines financial (revenues and costs), sporting, and digital-reach measures for three consecutive football seasons (2013/2014 to 2015/2016) was used. In addition, to elaborate on this data in terms of a descriptive study, the study constructs a range of correlation statistical tests and linear modeling techniques to obtain quantitative results. Findings The results indicate that all the three main sources of club revenues (match-day, commercial/sponsorship, and broadcasting) are positive drivers for Facebook followers. Staff investments (staff costs) are also positively related to Facebook followers, albeit to a lesser extent, while higher-ranked clubs seem to follow a constant approach in terms of their revenues and cost structure. Originality/value This study seeks to bridge the communication and sport economic research, providing evidence that Facebook followers are part of the cyclical phenomenon of team revenues and team performance. In doing so, it initiates a debate on the relationship between the digital expansion of a football club and its sports and financial indicators.

scholarly journals A note on money creation in emerging market economies

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Ponomarenko
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Emerging Market Economies ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Ratio Requirement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Market Economies ◽  
Money Creation

Purpose This paper aims to discuss the money creation mechanisms in emerging markets with special focus on external transactions and outlines the implications for monetary policy and financial stability issues. Design/methodology/approach To make the argument, the authors analyze a historical episode of flows of funds in Korea and Russia and conduct a canonical correlation analysis for a cross-section of emerging market economies. Findings The authors show that changes in the net foreign assets of the banking system are associated with (or cause) deposits fluctuations. In emerging markets, however, the scope of such fluctuations is limited unless driven by changes in the foreign reserves of a central bank. Originality/value Some preliminary implications for financial stability implementation may be drawn from this analysis. Introducing the net stable funding ratio requirement is unlikely to have any significant destabilizing effect on credit creation in emerging markets (in this regard, it is similar to the restriction on banks’ foreign currency position, which is a common prudential measure). Instead, it is likely to trigger a balance of payment adjustment that is similar to that experienced by an economy during its transition from fixed to flexible exchange rate regime.

An improvement project within urological care

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelie Khatami ◽  
Kristina Rosengren
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
National Level ◽  
Ureteral Stones ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Healthcare Improvement ◽  
Common Goals ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Evidence Based Guidelines

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe staff experiences in an on-going improvement project regarding patients with ureteral stones. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative descriptive study based on eight group interviews and 48 narratives, was performed. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Trustworthiness was ensured by using a well-documented improvement process method during six months. Findings – The results formed three categories: an absent comprehensive view; complexity; and vulnerability within the organisation. A holistic perspective regarding urological care at the micro-, meso- and macro-levels is needed to improve planning and caring processes. Research limitations/implications – This study includes one team (six members, different health professionals) within the same urology department. Practical implications – Results show that staff need information, such as guidelines and support throughout the improvement work to deliver high-quality care. Moreover, there is a need for evidence-based guidelines at national level to support improvement work. Social implications – Healthcare staff need to pay attention to all team member needs to improve urological care. Organisational and managerial aspect are needed to support clear and common goals regarding healthcare improvement work. Originality/value – Urological improvement projects, generally, are lacking, which is why this study is important to improve nephrolithiasis patient care.

How to reduce turnover intention in team sports? Effect of organizational support on turnover intention of professional team sports athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Ströbel ◽  
Christopher Maier ◽  
Herbert Woratschek
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Monetary Incentives ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Professional Team Sports

Purpose Turnover of employees is a key challenge for companies. The same is true for sports clubs that must set appropriate incentives to decrease their athletes’ turnover intention. As salary caps and team budgets restrict monetary incentives, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of organizational support on turnover intention of professional team sports athletes. Design/methodology/approach The paper applies a combined approach of qualitative and quantitative research and considers the specific requirements of European professional team sports. First, a qualitative study investigates organizational support in team sports and identifies relevant non-monetary incentives. Second, a quantitative study tests the effects of the identified organizational support incentives on turnover intention using a unique data set of professional team sports athletes. Third, a moderation analysis measures possible effects of age. Findings Through the qualitative study, three relevant non-monetary incentives could be identified in the context of professional team sports: integration of family (IOF), second career support, and private problem support. The subsequent quantitative study of football, ice hockey and handball athletes assesses the effectiveness of the identified incentives. All three incentives negatively influence athletes’ turnover intention, while IOF has a substantially stronger negative effect on turnover intention for younger athletes. Originality/value The findings indicate the importance of organizational support to decrease athletes’ turnover intention. Although money is relevant, sports clubs also need to address non-monetary incentives to decrease their athletes’ turnover intention.

Understanding coach dismissals in European professional football

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmus Nissen
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Stakeholder Relationships ◽  
Football Clubs ◽  
Institutional Forces ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to outline a theoretical framework that can be used to understand coach dismissals in professional football. Design/methodology/approach – In order to embed the suggested framework empirically and thereby strengthen the argumentation, a total of 90 management accounts from 18 Danish professional football clubs have been analyzed using a qualitative content analysis approach. The accounts cover a period of five consecutive seasons. Findings – The analysis shows that dismissing the coach is a frequent occurrence in Danish clubs. This finding is included in the discussion, in which it is suggested that a coach dismissal may be the outcome of mimetic, coercive or normative isomorphism. Research limitations/implications – The applied methodology makes it difficult to assess whether coach dismissals actually stem from institutional forces. A more extensive research design and methodological setup is required in order to elaborate the proposed framework. Practical implications – By focussing on the dynamics of club-stakeholder relationships, the proposed framework can be seen as an attempt to clarify key features of the decision-making process surrounding coach dismissals in European professional football. Furthermore, the framework suggests that in order for a club to stay attractive to its stakeholders, and thereby increase its chances of securing future financial support, club directors should pay attention to their external environment. Originality/value – In contrast to existing research, this study does not aim at assessing whether a coach dismissal pays off in terms of wins on the pitch. Instead, a qualitative approach has been selected in order to offer a framework that aims at providing an in-depth understanding of coach dismissals in professional football.

scholarly journals Sharīʿah-compliance ratings of the Islamic financial services industry: a quantitative approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Rating System ◽  
Financial Services Industry ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Services Industry

Purpose This study aims to develop a Sharīʿah-compliance rating mechanism for the Islamic financial services industry (IFSI), with a special focus on banking. The banking sector is taken as the area of focus due to its leadership role in the volume of global Sharīʿah-compliant assets. Design/methodology/approach The objectives of the Islamic financial system (IFS) are selected as the basis for ratings. A range of performance indicators (leading to achievement of the objectives) is grouped into four broader categories and used in the study to allocate scores with a sum total of 100. Special considerations – including the amount of resources required in performing an activity, suitability of prevailing business conditions, the degree of compulsion/discretion in performing a task and linkage with the essence of the IFS – were taken into account in the allocation of scores. Findings This study groups multiple performance measures into four categories, including portfolio construction (deposits mechanism, participatory and asset-based modes of financing), access to finance (service to the less-privileged and sector screening), reputation (disclosures and stakeholders’ survey) and Sharīʿah governance (Sharīʿah supervision and controls, charitable operations, human resources, product development and organization). The Portfolio, Audit, Reputation and System (PARS) rating system is then developed. Practical implications A Sharīʿah-compliance rating system is helpful in measuring the progress towards goal achievement of the IFS and in gaining stakeholders’ trust. It is also important for Sharīʿah boards and regulators in policy formulation, for management in addressing weaknesses and taking corrective measures and potentially for standard-setting bodies. Originality/value This study presents a comprehensive quantitative Sharīʿah-compliance rating mechanism, taking into consideration the objectives of the IFS – equitable distribution of wealth and financial stability, in addition to Sharīʿah-compliance in operations. Development of Sharīʿah-compliance quality ratings for Islamic banking is essential to gain customers’ trust; the suggested methodology is thus a contribution to the literature on Islamic finance.

Value capturing in Floorball

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 542-559
Author(s):  
Carl Gabrielsson ◽  
Harald Dolles
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Board Members ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Framework ◽  
Professional Team Sports ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Floorball is a Swedish sports innovation which emerged and started to be played about 40 years ago. The purpose of this paper is to explore value capturing in this relatively new sport and the various contributions made by different actors towards market development of the sport. Design/methodology/approach The research utilizes a theoretical framework of value capturing in professional team sports for research. The analysis is based upon 13 semi-structured interviews with representatives from three groups, “players/coaches,” “board members and “manufacturers/retailers.” Findings All economic actors within the research framework contribute to various extents to the market development of the sport, yet they all need to cooperate, exemplifying that innovation for market development and value for the sport can only be co-created. Research limitations/implications The sample is taken from the Swedish market and may, thus, be considered biased. Practical implications All economic actors within the research framework contribute to market development of the sport to various degrees, yet they all need to cooperate, exemplifying that innovation for market development and value for the sport can only be co-created. Originality/value This paper provides unique insights into the development of floorball as a “new” sport.

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