scholarly journals Achieving cost effective support solutions for the new millenium through the DoD automatic test systems selection process

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
J. Deffler ◽  
P. Gavord
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Automatic Test ◽  
Test Systems

scholarly journals Belt and Road Initiative: Interim Results and Challenges During Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
N. Pyzhikov ◽  
E. Gushchin
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Foreign Debt ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Chinese Investment ◽  
The World ◽  
Belt And Road

The article analyses the current status of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), its key achievements and challenges, including those related to the COVID 19 pandemic. In the 2010s China has become one of world’s largest investors and BRI is one of the most important tools of Chinese investment policy. Due to its flexible structure, BRI has been able to adjust and develop in the context of the U.S. – China trade war and the growing anti-Chinese sentiment in the world that included the concerns over so called China’s debt diplomacy. But this lack of rigidity is also a challenge to those who study BRI because there is no official list of projects (estimations vary between 118 and 374) and countries participating in BRI (up to 138). China’s key BRI partner is Pakistan. The total value of projects implemented by China in Pakistan as part of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor was initially estimated at $46 billion but now exceeds $70 billion (new projects were signed even during the pandemic). BRI is increasing the number of its participants. In March 2019 Italy became the first G7 country to sign a BRI MoU with China. While implementing BRI China has faced such challenges as rising concerns of “China’s debt trap”, as well as ecological and political issues. In 2020 BRI is facing a new challenge with the COVID-19 pandemic. Some BRI projects were postponed because of the pandemic, but in some cases they were unaffected. There are 64 out of 138 countries participating in BRI that come from low and lower-middle income groups according to the World Bank classification. Their average ratio of foreign debt to GDP was 54% in 2018–2019. It is most likely that these countries will be hit hard by the coronacrisis. Thus the pandemic will encourage China to tighten the selection process for BRI projects with a focus on the most strategically important and cost effective ones. From the point of view of China’s BRI partners, the effect can be two-fold: the most unstable economies will increase their dependence on China, while with the economically strong countries China will be more willing to make concessions and offer more favorable conditions for cooperation.

Plant growth-promoting microbes — an industry view

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie W. Breakfield ◽  
Dayna Collett ◽  
Michael E. Frodyma
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Product Concept ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Microbes

Plant growth-promoting microbes can affect the plant microbiome, improving different properties of the plant such as yield and health. Many companies are commercializing these microbes as products called biologicals. Defining the product concept is one of the first and most important steps in making a biological product. Companies can use phenotyping and genotyping approaches to identify the microbe to make into a live bacterial product. Screening usually begins in the laboratory and often moves from high-throughput methods to more time and resource-intensive methods culminating in large scale field testing. Once the microbe is chosen, the fermentation process grows the bacteria to the necessary amounts, while the formulation process ensures a stable product in the desired form such as a liquid or powder. The products must show yield increases in the field over several seasons and conditions, but also must be easy to use and cost-effective to be adopted by farmers and other customers. Tying all these data together from the selection process to test results gives a customer a ‘reason to believe’ for the marketing and launch of a successful product.

Selection of parents and estimation of genetic parameters using BLUP and molecular methods for lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) breeding program in Argentina

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-25
Author(s):  
Carolina Bermejo ◽  
Federico Cazzola ◽  
Fernando Maglia ◽  
Enrique Cointry
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
High Yields

AbstractThe most important objective of lentil breeding programs is to develop new genotypes that are genetically more productive. Besides, it is necessary that the varieties obtained have short flowering cycles to allow the later sowing of summer crops. Selection is based through phenotypic means; however, we argue it should be based on genetic or breeding values because quantitative traits are often influenced by environments and genotype–environment interactions. The objectives of this study were to: (i) identify genotypes with the highest merit; (ii) estimate genetic parameters to know the genetic control of morphological traits in macrosperma and microsperma lentil types using best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP). Twenty-five recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from six F4 families selected on the basis of precocity and high yields were tested in four environments for important quantitative traits. The analysis of variance showed significant differences between genotypes, environments, and genotype–environment interactions for all the traits. Seven macrosperma- and two microsperma-type RILs were selected. Based on average ranking from breeding values and molecular data obtained with sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP), the same genotypes were selected. Genotypic coefficients of variation, heritability across and by environment, and genetic correlation coefficients using BLUP were obtained. According to our results BLUP could replace molecular analysis methods because the selection process was simpler, more cost-effective, and more accurate. The breeding value of parents would give a better ranking of their genetic value than would their phenotypic value; therefore, the selection efficiency would be enhanced and the genetic gain would be more predictable. The selected genotypes could become potential commercial varieties or be used as parental lines in future hybridization programs.

Route Selection for Project Success: Addressing “Feeling/Perception” Issues

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mohitpour ◽  
G. Von Bassenheim ◽  
Ardean Braun
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Route Selection ◽  
Acceptable Solution ◽  
Pipeline Project ◽  
Selection For

Selecting a route for a pipeline right-of-way (ROW) generally consists of engineering (technical and economic), socioeconomic and biophysical components. To effectively select a route, simultaneous consideration must be given to all the components from the initiation of a project to the integration of all aspects of each throughout the route selection process. To successfully select a route which creates a win-win situation for all the stakeholders of a pipeline project, political/governmental issues, community and land owner views, public perceptions and other similar controlling factors (such as Safety, Health, Environment and Risk (SHER)) must be carefully analyzed and integrated into the process. It is the consideration of all these issues that will lead to a ROW which will provide a technically acceptable solution, which is at the same time the least expensive, economically viable and acceptable to the community it traverses. This paper will provide an overview of route selection techniques (including new technologies) used and the process generally practiced by pipeline designers, highlighting controlling issues and optimization methods that need to be utilized in order to achieve a cost effective route selection. It provides details on significant “Feeling/Perception” issues that can either thwart or, by careful consideration of these issues, lead to a successful pipeline project. An example of such a route selection process will be provided on a project located in rough and mountainous terrain, that has significant regulatory/governmental, land, environmental, indigenous and geological issues.

scholarly journals Impact of transition programmes for students and new graduate nurses on workplace bullying, violence, stress and resilience: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e038893
Author(s):  
Khadijah Ali Alshawush ◽  
Nutmeg Hallett ◽  
Caroline Bradbury-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Workplace Violence ◽  
Workplace Bullying ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Graduate Nurses ◽  
New Graduate Nurses ◽  
New Graduate

IntroductionThe shortage of nurses is projected to grow, and the number of new graduate nurses (NGNs) who are predicted to replace expert nurses has increased. Meanwhile, those NGNs leaving their job within the first year, give various reasons for leaving, including workplace bullying and violence. In response, some hospitals and universities have developed nurse transition programmes such as nurse residency programmes and nurse internship programmes to attract NGNs and to assist in their changing status from education to practice. Although these programmes have been successful in decreasing the turnover rate for new nurses and are cost-effective, their impact on workplace bullying and violence has not been systematically reviewed and is yet to be determined. A scoping review will be conducted to address this gap. The aim is to identify current knowledge regarding the content of transition programmes and their impact in supporting NGNs dealing with workplace violence, bullying and stress.Methods and analysisArksey and O’Malley’s scoping framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review guidance will guide the methodology process of the review. Published studies, with no date limit, will be identified through the electronic databases (CINAHL, Scopus, MEDLINE, Web of Science, ASSIA, PsycINFO, Embase, PROSPERO and ProQuest Dissertation) and reference lists. Primary key terms will be ‘novice nurse’, ‘new graduate nurses’ and ‘transition programmes’. Two reviewers, guided by standardised procedures, will perform the study selection process independently. Data from the selected studies will be extracted using a data extraction form. Thematic analysis (for qualitative papers) and descriptive summary of the results (for quantitative papers) will be performed.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this review. Findings will be used to inform future study designs to evaluate the transition programmes and disseminated via peer-reviewed journals and conferences.

Shortening the selection process for sugarcane

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. MAMET ◽  
R. DOMAINGUE
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Industry Research ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Improvement Programme ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection Methodology

There is a need to shorten the selection process for sugarcane (Saccharum hybrids) in Mauritius in order to improve the efficiency of the varietal improvement programme. On average six to seven ratoon crops are grown in Mauritius and selection for ratooning ability is of major importance. The current selection cycle lasts around 15 years and ratooning ability is tested on five occasions. Data (estimates of sucrose content, cane and sugar yields) from the Mauritius Sugar Industry Research Institute's selection trials planted in 1986–90, representing 85 trials (9680 genotypes) in Stage 3 (one-line stage) and 141 trials (2620 genotypes) in Stage 4 (two-line stage) were analysed. It was hypothesized that 1st ratoon (1R) data in Stage 3 and 2nd ratoon (2R) in Stage 4 were effectively redundant and that the cycle could be shortened by two years without loss of precision. Repeatability estimates, between plant cane (P) and the mean of P and 1R (P + 1R) in Stage 3, and between (P + 1R) and the mean of plant cane, 1st and 2nd ratoon (P + 1R + 2R) in Stage 4, were found to be positive and highly significant for all characters indicating that the extra ratoon data were unnecessary.Present and proposed selection scenarios were studied further using differential-selection methodology. The coincidence indices (CI) obtained with the two scenarios were extremely high (63–82% in Stage 3 and 91–96% in Stage 4) again indicating that the additional ratoon data were not cost effective. Realized gains from selection in Stage 4 based on (P + 1R + 2R) as opposed to (P + 1R) were shown to be small or even negative. The results concur extremely well with published data from Australia and the USA. It was therefore recommended that the cycle be reduced by two years and that the resources be more usefully allocated to test genotypes over more sites and more replicates.

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