Estimation of Islanding Events in Utility Distribution Grid with Renewable Energy Using Current Variations and Stockwell Transform

The Mexican national electricity transmission and distribution grid (SEN, initials in Spanish) is characterized by the high interconnection between its several electricity generation plants and the millions of final consumers throughout the country. This feature, which is seen first as an adequate transmission and distribution method for electricity between producer and consumer, has the inconvenience of being highly complex when renewable energy is introduced into the SEN. The random nature of renewable energy means that coordination between the producer and consumer is difficult; therefore, these energy sources are considered by the Mexican Federal Commission of Electricity (CFE, initials in Spanish) without priority in their generation and distribution. In this document, a solution for this is given by the consideration of on-site photovoltaic production in the Mexican residential sector, setting a straightforward relationship between production and consumption, neglecting the long-distance transmission, and freeing the transmission and distribution through the SEN at certain hours of the day. Different scenarios are studied, considering the level of penetration of this renewable energy technology into the housing sector. In this way, it is found that, if 80% of the total Mexican dwellings hold a photovoltaic roof, in some seasons of the year, a large part the total national demand can be fulfilled by the photovoltaic generation if certain systems—such as bidirectional smart meters—are applied. In this sense, the results show that, if 80% of the Mexican dwellings had a photovoltaic roof, there would be a money saving of 3418 Million USD and a mitigation of 25 million tons CO2e, for 2018. With this, it is concluded that renewable energy in Mexico could provide a much greater share if the electricity is produced in the same place where it will be consumed. This might be possible in Mexico due to the high interconnection of the transmission and distribution grid, which would manage the surplus electricity generation in the dwellings in a proper manner.

Download Full-text

Progresses in Analytical Design of Distribution Grids and Energy Storage

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14144270 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (14) ◽

pp. 4270

Author(s):

Gianpiero Colangelo ◽

Gianluigi Spirto ◽

Marco Milanese ◽

Arturo de Risi

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Power Flow ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Distribution Grid ◽

Mathematical Methods ◽

Power Generators ◽

Bidirectional Power Flow ◽

Distribution Grids

In the last years, a change in the power generation paradigm has been promoted by the increasing use of renewable energy sources combined with the need to reduce CO2 emissions. Small and distributed power generators are preferred to the classical centralized and sizeable ones. Accordingly, this fact led to a new way to think and design distributions grids. One of the challenges is to handle bidirectional power flow at the distribution substations transformer from and to the national transportation grid. The aim of this paper is to review and analyze the different mathematical methods to design the architecture of a distribution grid and the state of the art of the technologies used to produce and eventually store or convert, in different energy carriers, electricity produced by renewable energy sources, coping with the aleatory of these sources.

Download Full-text

Modeling the dynamics of a DC distribution grid integrated of renewable energy sources

IECON 2014 - 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society ◽

10.1109/iecon.2014.7049350 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mai Tuan Dat ◽

Giel Van den Broeck ◽

Johan Driesen

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Distribution Grid ◽

Dc Distribution

Download Full-text

Ancillary Services Offered by Distributed Renewable Energy Sources at the Distribution Grid Level: An Attempt at Proper Definition and Quantification

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10207106 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (20) ◽

pp. 7106

Author(s):

Charis S. Demoulias ◽

Kyriaki-Nefeli D. Malamaki ◽

Spyros Gkavanoudis ◽

Juan Manuel Mauricio ◽

Georgios C. Kryonidis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Power Plants ◽

Business Models ◽

Reactive Power ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Voltage Regulation ◽

Ancillary Services ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Distribution Grid ◽

Support Functions

The gradual displacement of synchronous generators driven by conventional power plants, due to the increasing penetration of distributed renewable energy sources (DRES) in distribution grids, is creating a shortage of crucial ancillary services (AS) which are vital for the frequency and voltage stability of the grid. These AS, and some new ones, could now be offered by the DRES, particularly those that are converter interfaced, in a coordinated way in order to preserve the grid stability and resilience. Although recent standards and grid codes specify that the DRES exhibit some system support functions, there are no specifications on how to measure and quantify (M & Q) them both at DRES level and in aggregated form. The M & Q of AS is crucial, since it would allow the AS to be treated as tradable AS in the current and future AS markets. This paper attempts to define a number of AS that can be offered by converter-interfaced DRES and suggests methods for their M & Q. The new AS addressed are: (1) inertial response; (2) primary frequency response; (3) active power smoothing (ramp-rate limitation); (4) exchange of reactive power for voltage regulation; (5) fault-ride-through (FRT) and contribution to fault clearing; (6) voltage harmonic mitigation. Additionally, a rough estimation of the additional investment and operational cost, as well as the financial benefits associated with each AS is provided in order to form the basis for the development of business models around each AS in the near future.

Download Full-text