Small body in-situ Multi-probe Mass Estimation Experiment (SIMMEE)

AbstractBackgroundCommon carp is the fourth most-produced species in worldwide aquaculture. Significant efforts are invested in breeding and preservation of genetic integrity of this important species. However, maintaining carp gene bank in situ can be considered as demanding due to its big body size. Recent progress in reproductive biotechnologies in fish allows improving some unfavourable characteristics of a target species using surrogate reproduction. Germ stem cells (gamete precursors) from one species are transplanted into different surrogate species with small body size. After maturation, surrogates are producing donor-derived progeny. Efficient protocols for cryopreservation of carp male and female germ stem cells have been developed lately. Thus, the next logical goal was to assess the potential of goldfish surrogate to produce donor-derived gametes of common carp after intraperitoneal transplantation of testicular cells.ResultsHigh transplantation success was achieved when 44% of the surviving goldfish produced pure donor-derived gametes of common carp. More importantly, both viable eggs and sperm giving rise to pure common carp progeny were produced, witnessing sustainability of the presented method. Donor-derived identity of the offspring was confirmed by genotyping and typical phenotype corresponding to the donor species. Reproductive performance of chimeras was similar to goldfish controls. Assessment of gamete characteristics showed that the size of donor-derived eggs is between control carp and goldfish eggs. Interestingly, flagellum length in donor-derived spermatozoa was comparable to common carp flagellum and significantly shorter than goldfish flagellum.ConclusionsIn this study, we succeeded in the production of pure common carp progeny from surrogate goldfish recipients transplanted intraperitoneally by testicular germ cells. Here we reported production of viable eggs between most distant species up to date. Good reproductive performance of goldfish germline chimeras gives a promising prospect for further analysis about the long-term reproductive performance of surrogates, recovery of cryopreserved germ cells or production of monosex stocks. Presented technology is ready to ease needs for carp breeds preservation and their recovery using many times smaller goldfish surrogates.

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Embryonic bone growth in lines of mice selected for large and small body size

Genetics Research ◽

10.1017/s0016672300019340 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 77-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ann Blakley

Keyword(s):

Bone Growth ◽

Control Mouse ◽

Small Body ◽

Mouse Embryos ◽

Small Body Size ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Uterine Environment ◽

And Control ◽

Embryonic Bone

SUMMARYEmbryonic tibia growth was measured in large, small and control mouse embryos in situ and in organ culture. In situ tibias of the large line were longer than controls which were longer than tibias of the small line. Relative growth was approximately equal among lines. In culture tibias of the small line grew more than controls and as much as or more than tibias of the large line. Embryonic genotype appears to be more important in regulating tibia growth than uterine environment. Humoral differences among lines may influence tibia growth.

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Molecular mass estimation of chlorophyllase in situ by radiation inactivation analysis. Studies on the composition of the isolated enzyme

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology ◽

10.1016/0167-4838(85)90038-x ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 831 (2) ◽

pp. 213-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Johannes W.J. Lambers ◽

Hindrik W. Velthuis ◽

Willemke Terpstra

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mass ◽

Radiation Inactivation ◽

Mass Estimation

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Feasibility of Passive Integrated Transponder Technology to Study In Situ Movements of Larval Sea Lamprey

Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management ◽

10.3996/102013-jfwm-067 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 71-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Heather A. Dawson ◽

Danielle D. Potts ◽

Alexander C. Maguffee ◽

Lisa M. O'Connor

Keyword(s):

Average Length ◽

Small Body ◽

Sea Lamprey ◽

Life History Stage ◽

Passive Integrated Transponder ◽

Pit Tags ◽

Natural Stream ◽

Tag Loss ◽

Over Time

Abstract In the Laurentian Great Lakes, sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus is an invasive species controlled primarily through application of selective toxicants (lampricides) to tributaries expected to contain the most large larvae (>100 mm). Current assessment techniques make the assumption that larvae occupy all stream habitats in the same proportion irrespective of size or life history stage. Testing this assumption relies on the availability of a marking method to determine individual animal movement between habitats over time. To evaluate the feasibility of using passive integrated transponder (PIT) technology to detect sea lamprey larvae in situ, we implanted two sizes of PIT tags (8 and 9 mm) in larvae of less than 120-mm average length to assess survival, tag loss, behavior, and detectability in situ. Larval mortality and tag loss were lower when smaller tags were used, but mortalities were still high (60%) due to the small body cavity severely restricting internal tag implantation. Burrowing performance of 8-mm PIT-tagged larvae and untagged larvae was compared, and tagged larvae spent significantly more time moving (35 vs. 21 s) and more total time (71 vs. 31 s) to completely burrow into the substrate than untagged larvae. Detectability of those 8- and 9-mm PIT-tagged larvae in situ was evaluated by releasing them in a simulated stream and using a portable PIT tag antenna on three occasions to relocate them at a detection rate that ranged from 47 to 100%. Feasibility of tracking individual larval sea lamprey movements was evaluated by tagging larvae with either 9-mm PIT tags, visible implant alpha tags, or visible implant elastomer tags; releasing them in a natural stream; and relocating them by PIT antenna or recapturing them by electrofishing. In the natural stream, a total of 36% of 9-mm PIT-tagged larvae were relocated in situ during the study period, whereas less than 7% of larvae tagged with other tag types were recaptured. The smallest currently available PIT tags are not suitable for tracking movements of individual sea lamprey larvae less than 120 mm in average length because of the significant effects of tagging on behavior and survival rates. We are unaware of other tagging technologies currently available to track individual sea lamprey larvae of this size range in situ over time.

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Production of common carp donor-derived offspring from goldfish surrogate broodstock

10.21203/rs.3.rs-57467/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Roman Franěk ◽

Vojtěch Kašpar ◽

David Gela ◽

Martin Pšenička

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Body Size ◽

Common Carp ◽

Germ Cells ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Small Body ◽

Important Species ◽

Testicular Cells

Abstract Background: Common carp is the fourth most-produced species in worldwide aquaculture. Significant efforts are invested in breeding and preservation of genetic integrity of this important species. However, maintaining carp gene bank in situ can be considered as demanding due to its big body size. Recent progress in reproductive biotechnologies in fish allows improving some unfavourable characteristics of a target species using surrogate reproduction. Germ stem cells (gamete precursors) from one species are transplanted into different surrogate species with small body size. After maturation, surrogates are producing donor-derived progeny. Efficient protocols for cryopreservation of carp male and female germ stem cells have been developed lately. Thus, the next logical goal was to assess the potential of goldfish surrogate to produce donor-derived gametes of common carp after intraperitoneal transplantation of testicular cells. Results: High transplantation success was achieved when 44% of the surviving goldfish produced pure donor-derived gametes of common carp. More importantly, both viable eggs and sperm giving rise to pure common carp progeny were produced, witnessing sustainability of the presented method. Donor-derived identity of the offspring was confirmed by genotyping and typical phenotype corresponding to the donor species. Reproductive performance of chimeras was similar to goldfish controls. Assessment of gamete characteristics showed that the size of donor-derived eggs is between control carp and goldfish eggs. Interestingly, flagellum length in donor-derived spermatozoa was comparable to common carp flagellum and significantly shorter than goldfish flagellum. Conclusions: In this study, we succeeded in the production of pure common carp progeny from surrogate goldfish recipients transplanted intraperitoneally by testicular germ cells. Here we reported production of viable eggs between most distant species up to date. Good reproductive performance of goldfish germline chimeras gives a promising prospect for further analysis about the long-term reproductive performance of surrogates, recovery of cryopreserved germ cells or production of monosex stocks. Presented technology is ready to ease needs for carp breeds preservation and their recovery using many times smaller goldfish surrogates.

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Rendez vous with Saturn's rings

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100101885 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 75 ◽

pp. 743-759 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kerry T. Nock

Keyword(s):

Solar Energy ◽

Electric Propulsion ◽

Power Source ◽

Propulsion System ◽

Low Thrust ◽

Ring Plane ◽

The Earth ◽

Total Impulse ◽

Saturn's Rings

ABSTRACTA mission to rendezvous with the rings of Saturn is studied with regard to science rationale and instrumentation and engineering feasibility and design. Future detailedin situexploration of the rings of Saturn will require spacecraft systems with enormous propulsive capability. NASA is currently studying the critical technologies for just such a system, called Nuclear Electric Propulsion (NEP). Electric propulsion is the only technology which can effectively provide the required total impulse for this demanding mission. Furthermore, the power source must be nuclear because the solar energy reaching Saturn is only 1% of that at the Earth. An important aspect of this mission is the ability of the low thrust propulsion system to continuously boost the spacecraft above the ring plane as it spirals in toward Saturn, thus enabling scientific measurements of ring particles from only a few kilometers.

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