Starbug X AUV: Field trials and analysis of in-situ multi-channel AUV data

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Marouchos ◽  
Mark Underwood ◽  
Russ Babcock
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials

scholarly journals Integrative analysis of <i>Geobacter</i> spp. and sulfate-reducing bacteria during uranium bioremediation

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1033-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Barlett ◽  
K. Zhuang ◽  
R. Mahadevan ◽  
D. Lovley
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Organic Electron ◽  
Poor Understanding ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Enhancing microbial U(VI) reduction with the addition of organic electron donors is a promising strategy for immobilizing uranium in contaminated groundwaters, but has yet to be optimized because of a poor understanding of the factors controlling the growth of various microbial communities during bioremediation. In previous field trials in which acetate was added to the subsurface, there were two distinct phases: an initial phase in which acetate-oxidizing, U(VI)-reducing Geobacter predominated and U(VI) was effectively reduced and a second phase in which acetate-oxidizing sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) predominated and U(VI) reduction was poor. The interaction of Geobacter and SRB was investigated both in sediment incubations that mimicked in situ bioremediation and with in silico metabolic modeling. In sediment incubations, Geobacter grew quickly but then declined in numbers as the microbially reducible Fe(III) was depleted whereas the SRB grow more slowly and reached dominance after 30–40 days. Modeling predicted a similar outcome. Additional modeling in which the relative initial percentages of the Geobacter and SRB were varied indicated that there was little to no competitive interaction between Geobacter and SRB when acetate was abundant. Further simulations suggested that the addition of Fe(III) would revive the Geobacter, but have little to no effect on the SRB. This result was confirmed experimentally. The results demonstrate that it is possible to predict the impact of amendments on important components of the subsurface microbial community during groundwater bioremediation. The finding that Fe(III) availability, rather than competition with SRB, is the key factor limiting the activity of Geobacter during in situ uranium bioremediation will aid in the design of improved uranium bioremediation strategies.

Interfacial Viscoelasticity of Crude Oil/Brine: An Alternative Enhanced-Oil-Recovery Mechanism in Smart Waterflooding

SPE Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (03) ◽  
pp. 803-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrnoosh Moradi Bidhendi ◽  
Griselda Garcia-Olvera ◽  
Brendon Morin ◽  
John S. Oakey ◽  
Vladimir Alvarado
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Wettability Alteration ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Injection Water

Summary Injection of water with a designed chemistry has been proposed as a novel enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) method, commonly referred to as low-salinity (LS) or smart waterflooding, among other labels. The multiple names encompass a family of EOR methods that rely on modifying injection-water chemistry to increase oil recovery. Despite successful laboratory experiments and field trials, underlying EOR mechanisms remain controversial and poorly understood. At present, the vast majority of the proposed mechanisms rely on rock/fluid interactions. In this work, we propose an alternative fluid/fluid interaction mechanism (i.e., an increase in crude-oil/water interfacial viscoelasticity upon injection of designed brine as a suppressor of oil trapping by snap-off). A crude oil from Wyoming was selected for its known interfacial responsiveness to water chemistry. Brines were prepared with analytic-grade salts to test the effect of specific anions and cations. The brines’ ionic strengths were modified by dilution with deionized water to the desired salinity. A battery of experiments was performed to show a link between dynamic interfacial viscoelasticity and recovery. Experiments include double-wall ring interfacial rheometry, direct visualization on microfluidic devices, and coreflooding experiments in Berea sandstone cores. Interfacial rheological results show that interfacial viscoelasticity generally increases as brine salinity is decreased, regardless of which cations and anions are present in brine. However, the rate of elasticity buildup and the plateau value depend on specific ions available in solution. Snap-off analysis in a microfluidic device, consisting of a flow-focusing geometry, demonstrates that increased viscoelasticity suppresses interfacial pinch-off, and sustains a more continuous oil phase. This effect was examined in coreflooding experiments with sodium sulfate brines. Corefloods were designed to limit wettability alteration by maintaining a low temperature (25°C) and short aging times. Geochemical analysis provided information on in-situ water chemistry. Oil-recovery and pressure responses were shown to directly correlate with interfacial elasticity [i.e., recovery factor (RF) is consistently greater the larger the induced interfacial viscoelasticity for the system examined in this paper]. Our results demonstrate that a largely overlooked interfacial effect of engineered waterflooding can serve as an alternative and more complete explanation of LS or engineered waterflooding recovery. This new mechanism offers a direction to design water chemistry for optimized waterflooding recovery in engineered water-chemistry processes, and opens a new route to design EOR methods.

Concurrent in-situ measurement of flow capacity, gas content and saturation

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Quentin Morgan ◽  
John Pope ◽  
Peter Ramsay
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Flow Capacity ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Testing Techniques ◽  
Cost Implications

A new core-less testing capability has been developed to provide concurrent measurements of coal seam flow capacity and gas content at in-situ conditions. The fluid-based measurement principles are intended to overcome time constraints, accuracy limitations, and cost implications of discrete measurements attributed to traditional ex-situ measurements on core samples. Details of measurement principles, associated enabling technologies, and generic test procedures have been disclosed in a previous publication. In 2012 a number of field trials were conducted with this new service for both coal mine operators and CSG operators. This peer-reviewed paper will detail pre-job planning, well site execution, and data analysis for one of these trials, which involved testing several seams across two wells, and will illustrate comparison with data acquired using conventional testing techniques from offset wells. This peer-reviewed paper will also highlight key learnings and overall performance, and explain how the learned lessons can be applied to improve testing efficacy and data quality.

EXOFIT field trials: experience learned from the use of ExoMars/RLS Qualification Model and representative Raman prototypes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Lopez-Reyes ◽  
Marco Veneranda ◽  
Jose Antonio Manrique Martinez ◽  
Jesus Saiz Cano ◽  
Jesus Medina García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Raman Laser ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Calcium Sulphate ◽  
Powdered Material ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Geometrical Concept ◽  
Portable Spectrometers

&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;The ESA/Roscosmos ExoMars mission to Mars is scheduled to be launched in 2020. Seeking to prepare the ExoMars operation team to manage the engineering and scientific challenges arising from the Rosalind Franklin rover soon operating at Oxia Planum, a rover prototype equipped with representative ExoMars navigation and analytical systems was recently used in two mission simulations (ExoFit trials)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;The first field test was carried out in Tabernas (Spain), a desertic area characterized by the presence of clays, partially altered sedimentary rocks and efflorescence salts. The second ExoFit trial was performed in the Atacama Desert (Chile), in a sandy flat land displaying diorite-boulders, clays patches and evaporites.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;The Raman Laser Simulator (RLS) team participated in both simulations: portable spectrometers were used to determine the mineralogical composition of subsoil samples collected by the rover-drill and to investigate the possible presence of biomarkers. In-situ analysis were carried out by means of the RAD 1 system (Raman Demonstrator), which is a portable spectrometer that follows the same geometrical concept and spectral characteristics of the RLS flight model (FM).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;In the case of Tabernas trial, additional analysis were performed using the RLS qualification model (EQM2) which at the moment was the most reliable tool to understand the scientific outcome that could derive from the RLS operating on Mars.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Prior to analysis, geological samples were crushed and sieved to replicate the granulometry of the powdered material produced by the ExoMars crusher. After flattening, from 8 to 10 spots were analyzed and Raman data and interpreted.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;From each site, two cores were drilled and analyzed. On one side, the main mineralogical phases detected in the first Atacama core are quartz and calcium carbonate. In addition to those, the mineralogy of the second core also includes hematite and calcium sulphate.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;On the other side, RAD 1 spectra gathered from Almeria core-samples confirmed the presence of quartz as main mineralogical phase. However, peaks of medium intensity at 146 and 1086 cm&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; were also observed, confirming the detection of rutile and calcium carbonate respectively. The same samples were further characterized by means of the RLS-EQM2 system: beside confirming the detection of the abovementioned mineral phases, additional Raman biomarkers-related peaks were also found.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Even though deeper Raman analysis of ExoFit samples need to be performed, the preliminary results gathered in-situ suggests that Raman spectroscopy could play a kay role in the fulfillment of the ExoMars mission objectives.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Field Trials on the Effectiveness of Radon Protection Measures in New Dwellings

1994 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Woolliscroft ◽  
C. Scivyer ◽  
L. Parkins
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Radon Level ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Building Regulations ◽  
South West ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Protective Membrane

Abstract The purpose of the field trials reported here was to verify the effectiveness of radon protection measures implemented under UK Building Regulations. Measurements were carried out in a total of 423 dwellings using etched track detectors. Some of the dwellings were protected, others were not. Four factors were considered likely to affect the annual average indoor radon level: (1) The radon level of the area. (2) The type of floor construction. (3) The presence or absence of a protective membrane in the floor construction. (4) Whether the dwelling was detached or attached to other dwellings. The radon level of the area is characterised by the proportion of existing houses in the area above the action level. The type of construction is generally in situ concrete floor or block and beam floor. Houses were situated on a total of 33 sites scattered all over Devon and Cornwall in the south west of England (an area of relatively high radon levels) offering a variety of both terrain and housing types. Statistical analysis showed that the effect of the membrane in reducing the radon level was significant at the 0.1% level. The effect of the floor construction, was however only significant at the 5% level. Neither the radon level of the area in which the dwelling was situated nor whether the dwelling was detached or attached had statistically significant effects on the radon level.

Real Time in Situ Gamma Radiation Measurements of the Plume Evolution from the Full-Scale Radiological Dispersal Device Field Trials

2016 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Korpach ◽  
Rodney Berg ◽  
Lorne Erhardt ◽  
Luke Lebel ◽  
Chuanlei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Radiological Dispersal ◽  
Radiation Measurements

Geochemical constraints in near-surface geophysical surveying from in situ XRF spectrometry: Field trials at two aviation archaeology sites

2019 ◽  
pp. 97-119
Author(s):  
Adam D. Booth ◽  
Veerle Vandeginste ◽  
Dominic Pike ◽  
Russell Abbey ◽  
Roger A. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Geochemical Constraints

scholarly journals Microbubbles as Proxies for Oil Spill Delineation in Field Tests

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Yaomei Wang ◽  
Worakanok Thanyamanta ◽  
Craig Bulger ◽  
Neil Bose ◽  
Jimin Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicles ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Bubble Plumes ◽  
Acoustic Methods ◽  
Long Endurance

To overcome the environmental impacts of releasing oil into the ocean for testing acoustic methods in field experiments using autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), environmentally friendly gas bubble plumes with low rise velocities are proposed in this research to be used as proxies for oil. An experiment was conducted to test the performance of a centrifugal-type microbubble generator in generating microbubble plumes and their practicability to be used in field experiments. Sizes of bubbles were measured with a Laser In-Situ Scattering and Transmissometry sensor. Residence time of bubble plumes was estimated by using a Ping360 sonar. Results from the experiment showed that a larger number of small bubbles were found in deeper water as larger bubbles rose quickly to the surface without staying in the water column. The residence time of the generated bubble plumes at the depth of 0.5 m was estimated to be over 5 min. The microbubble generator is planned to be applied in future field experiments, as it is effective in producing relatively long-endurance plumes that can be used as potential proxies for oil plumes in field trials of AUVs for delineating oil spills.

Biochar application for the remediation of heavy metal polluted land: A review of in situ field trials

2018 ◽  
Vol 619-620 ◽  
pp. 815-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
David O'Connor ◽  
Tianyue Peng ◽  
Junli Zhang ◽  
Daniel C.W. Tsang ◽  
Daniel S. Alessi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Field Trials

Research and application of in-situ control technology for sediment rehabilitation in eutrophic water bodies

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1190-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Liu ◽  
Xuegong Liu ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
David E. J. Garman ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Algal Growth ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
P Release ◽  
In Situ Control ◽  
Limiting Nutrient

Phosphorus (P) is often the limiting nutrient for algal growth, and P in sediments can be released under suitable conditions. To control P release, in-situ control technology with lanthanum (La) modified bentonite clay (Phoslock®) was proposed and its effectiveness was tested and evaluated both in laboratory and field trials. The results of static and dynamic simulation experiments under different environmental conditions showed that with the application rate of Phoslock® at 0.5 kg/m2, the orthophosphate (PO4-P) concentration of the overlying water decreased to a low level (≤0.02 mg/L) within 10 days. Even under anaerobic and high pH (pH = 9.0) conditions, the phosphate release suppression efficiency reached 98.3%, and the P-release rate was −8.20 mg/m2 d (negative value indicates P adsorption by Phoslock®). The monitoring data of the field sediments rehabilitation project were consistent with the results achieved in laboratory experiments, thus showing that the application of Phoslock® could inhibit the internal P release effectively.

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