Concurrent in-situ measurement of flow capacity, gas content and saturation

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Quentin Morgan ◽  
John Pope ◽  
Peter Ramsay
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Flow Capacity ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Testing Techniques ◽  
Cost Implications

A new core-less testing capability has been developed to provide concurrent measurements of coal seam flow capacity and gas content at in-situ conditions. The fluid-based measurement principles are intended to overcome time constraints, accuracy limitations, and cost implications of discrete measurements attributed to traditional ex-situ measurements on core samples. Details of measurement principles, associated enabling technologies, and generic test procedures have been disclosed in a previous publication. In 2012 a number of field trials were conducted with this new service for both coal mine operators and CSG operators. This peer-reviewed paper will detail pre-job planning, well site execution, and data analysis for one of these trials, which involved testing several seams across two wells, and will illustrate comparison with data acquired using conventional testing techniques from offset wells. This peer-reviewed paper will also highlight key learnings and overall performance, and explain how the learned lessons can be applied to improve testing efficacy and data quality.

scholarly journals Interactions between coral propagules in aquarium and field conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poh Leong Loo ◽  
Anqi Li ◽  
Koh Siang Tan
Keyword(s):  
Scleractinian Coral ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Interspecific Interaction ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Intraspecific Interaction ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
In Situ Conditions

AbstractThe effects of intraspecific and interspecific interactions between three species of scleractinian coral micro-colonies, namely Lithophyllon undulatum, Turbinaria mesenterina and Platygyra sinensis were evaluated for their survivorship, tissue loss and growth in both field (in-situ) and aquarium (ex-situ) conditions over 12 weeks. Regardless of environmental conditions and interactions, L. undulatum survived better (91.7 ± 6.2%) than T. mesenterina (75.0 ± 25.0%) and P. sinensis (60.4 ± 39.5%). Similarly, L. undulatum registered the lowest tissue loss (0.5 ± 0.7%) as compared to T. mesenterina (14.3 ± 19.4%) and P. sinensis (22.0 ± 30.0%). However, P. sinensis gained more weight (3.2 ± 5.2 g) than either T. mesenterina (2.7 ± 2.4 g) or L. undulatum (0.8 ± 1.1 g). In both environments, all three species in intraspecific interaction generally had higher survivorship, lower tissue loss and better growth than those in interspecific interaction except the latter in in-situ conditions had a twofold increase in growth (5.8 ± 3.7 g) than the former in-situ conditions (2.8 ± 3.7 g). Hence, all three species are potentially suitable for transplantation and mariculture except perhaps for P. sinensis which performed poorly in ex-situ conditions. Corals can be transplanted either with different colonies of the same species or together with other coral taxa. This study demonstrated that L. undulatum should be transplanted between T. mesenterina and P. sinensis for optimal growth and survival.

scholarly journals Dynamic guardianship of potato landraces by Andean communities and the genebank of the International Potato Center

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Lüttringhaus ◽  
Willy Pradel ◽  
Víctor Suarez ◽  
Norma C. Manrique-Carpintero ◽  
Noelle L. Anglin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Location ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
International Potato ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Dynamic Exchange

Abstract Background Potato landraces (Solanum spp.) are not only crucial for food security and sustenance in Andean communities but are also deeply rooted in the local culture. The crop originated in the Andes, and while a great diversity of potato persists, some landraces have been lost. Local communities and the genebank of the International Potato Center (CIP) partnered to re-establish some of these landraces in situ by supplying clean seed potatoes to farmers. Over time, the genebank formalized a repatriation program of potato landraces. Repatriation is the process of returning native germplasm back to its place of origin, allowing a dynamic exchange between ex situ and in situ conditions. So far, no comprehensive description of CIP’s repatriation program, the changes it induced, nor its benefits, has been carried out. Methods We addressed this research gap by analyzing CIP genebank distribution data for repatriated accessions, conducting structured interviews with experts of the repatriation program, and applying duration and benefit analyses to a survey dataset of 301 households. Results Between 1997 and 2020, 14,950 samples, representing 1519 accessions, were distributed to 135 communities in Peru. While most households (56%) abandoned the repatriated material by the fourth year after receiving it, the in situ survival probability of the remaining material stabilized between 36% in year 5 and 18% in year 15. Households where the plot manager was over 60 years old were more likely to grow the repatriated landraces for longer periods of times. While male plot management decreased survival times compared to female plot management, higher levels of education, labor force, wealth, food insecurity, and geographic location in the southern part of Peru were associated with greater survival times. Most farmers reported nutritional and cultural benefits as reasons for maintaining landrace material. Repatriated potatoes enabled farmers to conserve potato diversity, and hence, re-establish and broaden culinary diversity and traditions. Conclusions Our study is the first to apply an economic model to analyze the duration of in situ landrace cultivation by custodian farmers. We provide an evidence base that describes the vast scope of the program and its benefits.

scholarly journals Study of the Growth and Development of Pterocarya pterocarpa (Michx.) Kunth ex Iljinsk. in ex situ Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
K. Mammadova
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Germ Layer ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Simple Complex ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Results of analyzes of the growth and development of species Pterocarya pterocarpa (Michx.) Kunth ex Iljinsk. of the Pterocarya Kunth genus (Juglandaceae DC. ex Perleb) — relict plant of the Arctic flora of the III period in ex situ conditions have been shown in the paper. Degree of adaptation of wingnut in ex situ conditions, its growth characteristics were assessed both in young and old age. The biomorphological structure of P. pterocarpa seedlings, the size and number of hypocotyls and germ layer were determined in the course of the study. The formation and growth of simple complex true leaves and the life cycle of germ layer were determined as a result of observations of seedlings. The growth of seedlings of wingnut occurs intensively from the third decade of April to the second decade of June under ex situ conditions have been showed the study. The final productivity of seedlings under in situ conditions was higher than under cultivation conditions in ex situ as was found under studying the growth and development of plant. The vegetation of the species P. pterocarpa under the conditions of Absheron begins from the second decade of March to the second decade of November; the duration of the growing season is several days. P. pterocarpa grows and develops normally in cultural conditions of Absheron on based of the analysis of the research.

Applicability of Photogrammetry for Inspection and Monitoring of Dry-Stone Masonry Retaining Walls

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (9) ◽  
pp. 287-297
Author(s):  
Alexandra Hain ◽  
Arash E. Zaghi
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Stone Masonry ◽  
In Situ Conditions

Dry-stone masonry retaining walls are vulnerable to bulging and leaning because of the lack of cohesion between stones. Currently, the structural integrity of these walls is mainly assessed by qualitative judgments informed by visual inspections. Photogrammetry has the potential to increase the quality and objectivity of retaining wall inspections. This technology uses a series of images to generate a detailed 3D model of a structure. Currently, this technology is most commonly used in civil engineering applications for mapping large areas, often using aerial photographs. In this study, photogrammetry is used in two field trials to evaluate its ability to create accurate, high-resolution 3D representations of masonry retaining walls in Connecticut. The 3D models were used to document the current in-situ conditions to provide a baseline for future comparisons, as well as show cross sections of vulnerable areas, such as bulges or tilts. In one trial, data were collected on two dates to show the progression of movement of the wall. This paper gives an overview of best practices for data collection and discusses results and observations from the field trials. The generated 3D models provide an enhanced form of inspection documentation including detailed representations of geometry and colors. The contribution of this paper is to provide material facilitating the adoption of this promising technology for the inspection of masonry retaining walls and other transportation infrastructure.

scholarly journals Multi-slice ptychography enables high-resolution measurements in extended chemical reactors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maik Kahnt ◽  
Lukas Grote ◽  
Dennis Brückner ◽  
Martin Seyrich ◽  
Felix Wittwer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Chemical Reactors ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Ideal Tool ◽  
Liquid Cell ◽  
Projection Images

AbstractPtychographic X-ray microscopy is an ideal tool to observe chemical processes under in situ conditions. Chemical reactors, however, are often thicker than the depth of field, limiting the lateral spatial resolution in projection images. To overcome this limit and reach higher lateral spatial resolution, wave propagation within the sample environment has to be taken into account. Here, we demonstrate this effect recording a ptychographic projection of copper(I) oxide nanocubes grown on two sides of a polyimide foil. Reconstructing the nanocubes using the conventional ptychographic model shows the limitation in the achieved resolution due to the thickness of the foil. Whereas, utilizing a multi-slice approach unambiguously separates two sharper reconstructions of nanocubes on both sides of the foil. Moreover, we illustrate how ptychographic multi-slice reconstructions are crucial for high-quality imaging of chemical processes by ex situ studying copper(I) oxide nanocubes grown on the walls of a liquid cell.

scholarly journals Caryological and physiological characteristics of rare species Potentilla porphyrantha Juz. (Rosaceae) in Armenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 00030
Author(s):  
Karine Janjughazyan
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Physiological Investigation ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Viable Seeds

Caryological and physiological features of rare species Potentilla porphyrantha Juz. were investigated. It was shown that this species is diploid with 2n = 14 (x = 7). Physiological investigation included study of water regime, intensity of transpiration and photosynthesis. It was shown, that this species growing in-situ conditions on Amulsar Mountain (2900 m a.s.l.) now is very good adapted to ex-situ conditions in the Sevan botanical garden (1900 m a.s.l.). It grows very well, bloom and produce viable seeds, and in the future could be reintroduced into nature.

Impact of low temperature on ex situ nitritation/in situ denitritation in field pilot-scale landfill for postclosure care of leachate treatment and gas content

2021 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Nuan Yang ◽  
Yong Tao ◽  
Xiaomei Wang ◽  
Guoqiang Zhan ◽  
Xiaohong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Leachate Treatment

An in situ and ex situ TEM study of the formation of thin cobalt silicide films by molecular beam epitaxy on the silicon (100) surface

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 884-885
Author(s):  
D. Loretto ◽  
J. M. Gibson ◽  
S. M. Yalisove ◽  
R. T. Tung
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Beam Epitaxy ◽  
Molecular Beam ◽  
Defect Density ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Ultra High Vacuum ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Metal Base ◽  
In Situ Experiments ◽  
Potential Applications

The cobalt disilicide/silicon system has potential applications as a metal-base and as a permeable-base transistor. Although thin, low defect density, films of CoSi2 on Si(111) have been successfully grown, there are reasons to believe that Si(100)/CoSi2 may be better suited to the transmission of electrons at the silicon/silicide interface than Si(111)/CoSi2. A TEM study of the formation of CoSi2 on Si(100) is therefore being conducted. We have previously reported TEM observations on Si(111)/CoSi2 grown both in situ, in an ultra high vacuum (UHV) TEM and ex situ, in a conventional Molecular Beam Epitaxy system.The procedures used for the MBE growth have been described elsewhere. In situ experiments were performed in a JEOL 200CX electron microscope, extensively modified to give a vacuum of better than 10-9 T in the specimen region and the capacity to do in situ sample heating and deposition. Cobalt was deposited onto clean Si(100) samples by thermal evaporation from cobalt-coated Ta filaments.

The use of transmission and analytical electron microscopy in studying reactions and phase transformations in thin film

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 842-843
Author(s):  
K. Barmak
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Multilayer Thin Films ◽  
Absolute Concentration ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Deposition Step

Generally, processing of thin films involves several annealing steps in addition to the deposition step. During the annealing steps, diffusion, transformations and reactions take place. In this paper, examples of the use of TEM and AEM for ex situ and in situ studies of reactions and phase transformations in thin films will be presented.The ex situ studies were carried out on Nb/Al multilayer thin films annealed to different stages of reaction. Figure 1 shows a multilayer with dNb = 383 and dAl = 117 nm annealed at 750°C for 4 hours. As can be seen in the micrograph, there are four phases, Nb/Nb3-xAl/Nb2-xAl/NbAl3, present in the film at this stage of the reaction. The composition of each of the four regions marked 1-4 was obtained by EDX analysis. The absolute concentration in each region could not be determined due to the lack of thickness and geometry parameters that were required to make the necessary absorption and fluorescence corrections.

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