Electrical field analysis of extracellular electrical stimulation of optic nerve with spiral cuff electrode

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwei Guo ◽  
Qingli Qiao ◽  
Zhen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Electrical Field ◽  
Cuff Electrode ◽  
Stimulation Of

Relation of Posttetanic Potentiation to Subnormality of Lateral Geniculate Potentials

1957 ◽  
Vol 188 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward V. Evarts ◽  
John R. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Posttetanic Potentiation ◽  
Postsynaptic Response ◽  
Lateral Geniculate ◽  
Decerebrate Cats ◽  
Stimulation Of

The lateral geniculate response to electrical stimulation of the optic nerve was recorded in decerebrate cats and in cats anesthetized with Nembutal. Tetanization of the optic nerve at 500/sec. for 20 seconds in nembutalized cats produced a prolonged second subnormality of the geniculate postsynaptic response. Further tetanization during tetanically-induced second subnormality produced posttetanic potentiation (PTP). The degree of PTP (expressed in percentage of the pretetanic level) of the postsynaptic response following a 20-second tetanus was proportional to the degree of second subnormality present at the time the tetanus was applied. PTP was also found to occur during the subnormality which followed a brief train of optic nerve shocks, and during LSD-induced subnormality. PTP of postsynaptic lateral geniculate potentials occurred only rarely in the absence of some form of intentionally induced subnormality.

Dual actions of isthmic input to tectal neurons in a reptile, Gekko gekko

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 889-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN A. GEORGE ◽  
GANG-YI WU ◽  
WEN-CHANG LI ◽  
SHU-RONG WANG
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Tectum ◽  
Nucleus Isthmi ◽  
Postsynaptic Potentials ◽  
Tectal Neurons ◽  
Electrical Connections ◽  
Stimulation Of

We analyzed postsynaptic potentials and dye-labeled morphology of tectal neurons responding to electrical stimulation of the optic nerve and of the nucleus isthmi in a reptile, Gekko gekko, in order to compare with previously reported interactions between the optic tectum and the nucleus isthmi in amphibians and birds. The results indicate that isthmic stimulation exerts inhibitory and excitatory actions on tectal cells, similar to dual isthmotectal actions in amphibians. It appears that dual actions of the isthmotectal pathway in amphibians and reptiles are shared by two subdivisions of the nucleus isthmi in birds. The morphology of tectal cells responding to isthmic stimulation is generally similar to that of tectoisthmic projecting neurons, but they differ particularly in that some tectoisthmic cells bear numerous varicosities whereas cells receiving isthmic afferents do not. Thus, it is likely that at least some tectoisthmic cells may not be in the population of tectal cells that can be affected by isthmic stimulation. Forty-four percent of injections resulted in dye-coupled labeling, suggesting extensive electrical connections between tectal cells in reptiles.

Delayed shortening and shrinkage of cochlear outer hair cells

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (5) ◽  
pp. C1088-C1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ohnishi ◽  
M. Hara ◽  
M. Inoue ◽  
T. Yamashita ◽  
T. Kumazawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Cytochalasin B ◽  
Electrical Field Stimulation ◽  
Outer Hair Cells ◽  
Disulfonic Acid ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Electrical Field ◽  
Cl Channels ◽  
Stimulation Of

Slow shortening of cochlear outer hair cells has been speculated to modify cochlear sensitivity. Tetanic electrical field stimulation of isolated outer hair cells from guinea pigs shortened the cells for 2-3 min. Electrical stimulation reduced cell length and volume (-13.5 +/- 1.5 and -37.3 +/- 3.0% of initial values, respectively, n = 16) and decreased the intracellular Cl- concentration. Cytochalasin B (100 microM) inhibited electrical stimulation-induced shortening but not volume reduction. The following chemicals or manipulations inhibited the responses: 10 microM furosemide, 0.1 mM 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS), 1 mM anthracene-9-carboxylic acid (AC9), 25 mM tetraethylammonium, 2.3 microM charybdotoxin (ChTX), 250 nM omega-conotoxin, and Ca(2+)-free medium. These findings suggest that both electrical stimulation-induced shortening and shrinkage of outer hair cells result not only from an actin-mediated contractile force, but also from Cl- efflux through furosemide-, DIDS-, and AC9-sensitive Cl- channels, and K+ efflux through ChTX-sensitive K+ channels.

Electrically stimulated contraction accelerates protein synthesis rates in adult feline cardiocytes

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (2) ◽  
pp. H666-H674 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Ivester ◽  
R. L. Kent ◽  
H. Tagawa ◽  
H. Tsutsui ◽  
T. Imamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Electrical Field Stimulation ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Electrical Field ◽  
Butanedione Monoxime ◽  
H Protein ◽  
Stimulation Of

Cardiocytes were induced to contract via electrical field stimulation with an 8 V/cm electrical square-wave pulse of 5 ms at 0.125-2.0 Hz for up to 6 h. Protein synthesis rates were measured as rate of incorporation of [3H]-phenylalanine into total cell protein. Rates of protein synthesis were accelerated 43 +/- 4%, P < 0.001, by 4 h. The acceleration of total protein synthesis showed a frequency dependence between 0.125 and 0.5 Hz. In addition to accelerating rates of total protein synthesis, electrical stimulation of contraction accelerated fractional rates of synthesis of myosin heavy chain by 42 +/- 8%, P < 0.05. Protein synthesis rates were not accelerated upon electrical stimulation using subthreshold voltages. Addition of 100 ng/ml of actinomycin D had no effect on the ability of electrical stimulation of contraction to accelerate protein synthesis. To uncouple excitation-contraction coupling, 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM) was used to block actin-myosin cross-bridge interactions. BDM significantly decreased the ability of electrical stimulation to accelerate protein synthesis rates.

Electrical potentials from the eye and optic nerve of Strombus: effects of electrical stimulation of the optic nerve

1977 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-171
Author(s):  
H. L. Gillary
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Synaptic Input ◽  
Oscillatory Potentials ◽  
Photic Stimulation ◽  
Abrupt Decrease ◽  
Electrical Potentials ◽  
Photic Stimulus ◽  
Inhibitory Synaptic Input ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Photic stimulation of the mature eye of Strombus can evoke in the optic nerve ‘on’ activity in numerous small afferent fibres and repetitive ‘off’ bursts of afferent impulses in a smaller number of larger fibres. 2. Synchronous invasion of the eye by electrically evoked impulses in small optic nerve fibres (apparently the ‘on’ afferents, antidromically activated) can evoke a burst of impulses in the larger ‘off’ fibres which propagate away from the eye. Invasion of the eye via one branch of optic nerve can evoke an answering burst in another branch. 3. Such electrically evoked bursts are similar to light-evoked ‘off’ bursts with respect to their impulse composition, their ability to be inhibited by illumination of the eye, and their susceptibility to MgCl2 anaesthesia. 4. Invasion of the eye by a train of repetitive electrically evoked impulses in the absence of photic stimulation can give rise to repetitive ‘off’ bursts as well as concomitant oscillatory potentials in the eye which are similar to those normally evoked by cessation of a photic stimulus. 5. The electrically evoked ‘off’ bursts appear to be caused by an excitatory rebound following the cessation of inhibitory synaptic input from photoreceptors which can be antidromically activated by electrical stimulation of the optic nerve. 6. The experimental results suggest that the rhythmic discharge of the ‘off’ fibres evoked by the cessation of a photic stimulus is mediated by the abrupt decrease of inhibitory synaptic input from the receptors.

scholarly journals Exploring selective neural electrical stimulation for upper limb function restoration

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafa Tigra ◽  
David Guiraud ◽  
David Andreu ◽  
Bertrand Coulet ◽  
Anthony Gelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Surface Electrodes ◽  
Cuff Electrode ◽  
Upper Limb Function ◽  
Stimulation Of

This article introduces a new approach of selective neural electrical stimulation of the upper limb nerves. Median and radial nerves of individuals with tetraplegia are stimulated via a multipolar cuff electrode to elicit movements of wrist and hand in acute conditions during a surgical intervention. Various configurations corresponding to various combinations of a 12-poles cuff electrode contacts are tested. Video recording and electromyographic (EMG) signals recorded via sterile surface electrodes are used to evaluate the selectivity of each stimulation configuration in terms of activated muscles. In this abstract we introduce the protocol and preliminary results will be presented during the conference.

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