Study of Autnomous Pond Excavation in Real Environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanakrit Lertcomepeesin ◽  
Pakawat Khuntapoom ◽  
Siwakorn Boonchatsuriya ◽  
Somporn Peansukmanee ◽  
Chettapong Janya-anurak
Keyword(s):  
Real Environment

scholarly journals Load Measurement of the Cervical Vertebra C7 and the Head of Passengers of a Car While Driving Across Uneven Terrain

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3849
Author(s):  
Martin Svoboda ◽  
Milan Chalupa ◽  
Karel Jelen ◽  
František Lopot ◽  
Petr Kubový ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Dynamic Effects ◽  
The Road ◽  
Real Environment ◽  
On The Road

The article deals with the measurement of dynamic effects that are transmitted to the driver (passenger) when driving in a car over obstacles. The measurements were performed in a real environment on a defined track at different driving speeds and different distributions of obstacles on the road. The reaction of the human organism, respectively the load of the cervical vertebrae and the heads of the driver and passenger, was measured. Experimental measurements were performed for different variants of driving conditions on a 28-year-old and healthy man. The measurement’s main objective was to determine the acceleration values of the seats in the vehicle in the vertical movement of parts of the vehicle cabin and to determine the dynamic effects that are transmitted to the driver and passenger in a car when driving over obstacles. The measurements were performed in a real environment on a defined track at various driving speeds and diverse distributions of obstacles on the road. The acceleration values on the vehicle’s axles and the structure of the driver’s and front passenger’s seats, under the buttocks, at the top of the head (Vertex Parietal Bone) and the C7 cervical vertebra (Vertebra Cervicales), were measured. The result of the experiment was to determine the maximum magnitudes of acceleration in the vertical direction on the body of the driver and the passenger of the vehicle when passing a passenger vehicle over obstacles. The analysis of the experiment’s results is the basis for determining the future direction of the research.

scholarly journals Analysis of Occlusion Effects for Map-Based Self-Localization in Urban Areas

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5196
Author(s):  
Yuki Endo ◽  
Ehsan Javanmardi ◽  
Shunsuke Kamijo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Average Error ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Geometrical Structures ◽  
Real Environment ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Localization Errors ◽  
Stable Estimation ◽  
High Level

A high-definition (HD) map provides structural information for map-based self-localization, enabling stable estimation in real environments. In urban areas, there are many obstacles, such as buses, that occlude sensor observations, resulting in self-localization errors. However, most of the existing HD map-based self-localization evaluations do not consider sudden significant errors due to obstacles. Instead, they evaluate this in terms of average error over estimated trajectories in an environment with few occlusions. This study evaluated the effects of self-localization estimation on occlusion with synthetically generated obstacles in a real environment. Various patterns of synthetic occlusion enabled the analyses of the effects of self-localization error from various angles. Our experiments showed various characteristics that locations susceptible to obstacles have. For example, we found that occlusion in intersections tends to increase self-localization errors. In addition, we analyzed the geometrical structures of a surrounding environment in high-level error cases and low-level error cases with occlusions. As a result, we suggested the concept that the real environment should have to achieve robust self-localization under occlusion conditions.

Propagation of high-power partially coherent fibre laser beams in a real environment

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 094208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ru-Mao Tao ◽  
Lei Si ◽  
Yan-Xing Ma ◽  
Yong-Chao Zou ◽  
Pu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
Laser Beams ◽  
Fibre Laser ◽  
Real Environment ◽  
Partially Coherent

Estimating 3-D Point-of-Regard in a Real Environment Using a Head-Mounted Eye-Tracking System

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Takemura ◽  
Kenji Takahashi ◽  
Jun Takamatsu ◽  
Tsukasa Ogasawara
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Real Environment

scholarly journals Registration Error Analysis for Augmented Reality

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Holloway
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Error Analysis ◽  
Optical Distortion ◽  
Calibration Error ◽  
Head Tracking ◽  
System Delay ◽  
System Calibration ◽  
The Real ◽  
Registration Error ◽  
Real Environment

Augmented reality (AR) systems typically use see-through head-mounted displays (STHMDs) to superimpose images of computer-generated objects onto the user's view of the real environment in order to augment it with additional information. The main failing of current AR systems is that the virtual objects displayed in the STHMD appear in the wrong position relative to the real environment. This registration error has many causes: system delay, tracker error, calibration error, optical distortion, and misalignment of the model, to name only a few. Although some work has been done in the area of system calibration and error correction, very little work has been done on characterizing the nature and sensitivity of the errors that cause misregistration in AR systems. This paper presents the main results of an end-to-end error analysis of an optical STHMD-based tool for surgery planning. The analysis was done with a mathematical model of the system and the main results were checked by taking measurements on a real system under controlled circumstances. The model makes it possible to analyze the sensitivity of the system-registration error to errors in each part of the system. The major results of the analysis are: (1) Even for moderate head velocities, system delay causes more registration error than all other sources combined; (2) eye tracking is probably not necessary; (3) tracker error is a significant problem both in head tracking and in system calibration; (4) the World (or reference) coordinate system adds error and should be omitted when possible; (5) computational correction of optical distortion may introduce more delay-induced registration error than the distortion error it corrects, and (6) there are many small error sources that will make submillimeter registration almost impossible in an optical STHMD system without feedback. Although this model was developed for optical STHMDs for surgical planning, many of the results apply to other HMDs as well.

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