System Strength Challenges:An Overview of Energy Transition in Australia’s National Electricity Market

Author(s):  
Li Yu ◽  
Ke Meng ◽  
Wang Zhang ◽  
Joe Dong ◽  
Mithulananthan Nadarajah
Electronics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Li Yu ◽  
Ke Meng ◽  
Wang Zhang ◽  
Yuchen Zhang

The national electricity market (NEM) of Australia is reforming via the rapid uptake of variable renewable energy (VRE) integration concurrent with the retirement of conventional synchronous generation. System strength has emerged as a prominent challenge and constraint to power system stability and ongoing grid connection of VRE such as solar and wind. In order to facilitate decarbonization pathways, Australia is the first country to evolve system strength and inertia frameworks and assessment methods to accommodate energy transition barriers, and other parts of the world are now beginning to follow the same approach. With the evolvement of the system strength framework as a new trending strategy to break the transition barriers raised by renewable energy project development and grid connection studies, this paper provides a high-level overview of system strength, covering such fundamental principles as its definition, attributes, and manifestations, as well as industry commentary, cutting-edge technologies and works currently underway for the delivery of a secure and reliable electricity system with the rapid integration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) in the NEM grid. The intent of this study is to provide a comprehensive reference on the engineering practices of the system strength challenge along with complementary technical, regulatory, and industry perspectives.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3968
Author(s):  
Nicholas Gurieff ◽  
Behdad Moghtaderi ◽  
Rahman Daiyan ◽  
Rose Amal

The energy transition for a net-zero future will require deep decarbonisation that hydrogen is uniquely positioned to facilitate. This technoeconomic study considers renewable hydrogen production, transmission and storage for energy networks using the National Electricity Market (NEM) region of Eastern Australia as a case study. Plausible growth projections are developed to meet domestic demands for gas out to 2040 based on industry commitments and scalable technology deployment. Analysis using the discounted cash flow technique is performed to determine possible levelised cost figures for key processes out to 2050. Variables include geographic limitations, growth rates and capacity factors to minimise abatement costs compared to business-as-usual natural gas forecasts. The study provides an optimistic outlook considering renewable power-to-X opportunities for blending, replacement and gas-to-power to show viable pathways for the gas transition to green hydrogen. Blending is achievable with modest (3%) green premiums this decade, and substitution for natural gas combustion in the long-term is likely to represent an abatement cost of AUD 18/tCO2-e including transmission and storage.


Author(s):  
Lee Godden

Australia is in energy transition despite a national policy supportive of fossil fuels. Regional and remote areas, however, remain dependent on fossil fuels, including diesel. Renewable energy is becoming accessible for some regional communities, due to renewable energy incentives. This chapter considers the energy transition in Australia through the energy justice lens. It analyses the distribution of benefits and burdens of energy activities upon remote Indigenous communities, and examines energy price impacts and consumer protection reforms in liberalized electricity markets in the south. The analysis examines how social justice needs to inform the energy transition, also recognising that energy injustice cannot be separated from other social ills, such as poverty and discrimination based on factors including class, race, gender, or indigeneity. It concludes that there are significant protections emerging for energy consumers in the national electricity market, but an inequitable distribution of energy benefits and burdens in remote Aboriginal communities.


2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Johnston

When governments open up opportunities for private investment in traditional public sector areas, it is increasingly clear that a useful range of performance management information needs to be available to both government and business. Government needs to know how it is performing, comparatively, within and beyond its own domain, for the development of public policy and productivity enhancement. Business needs to know, understand and monitor the industry environment in which investment is contemplated or has already taken place. Performance measurement and monitoring is especially important where governments wish to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) to their shores. Whether governments manage performance and information well or are still constrained by bureaucratic and political thinking is still at issue. Using the example of the contrived national electricity market in Australia, this article, through literature and document review, examines the likely value to government and business of performance information, now available in the public domain. First, the article considers some of the changes to the Australian electricity industry. Second, specific performance indicators relevant to the national electricity market are examined in terms of their utility for government and business decision-making. Third, the impact of the political environment on performance management information is explored. The article concludes that while some important quantitative performance management information is available in a rational sense, other more political, qualitative indicators also need to be taken into account.


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