Frequency Characteristics of Diffracted Waves Going over Building Rooftop

В статье рассматривается определение возмущающих сил и моментов и амплитудно-частотных характеристик возникающих при совместной качке двух судов в условиях мелководья параллельно вертикальной стенке на основании решения трехмерной потенциальной задачи. Определение потенциалов дифрагированного волнения, необходимых для расчетов возмущающих сил, осуществляется на основании методов интегральных уравнений и зеркальных отображений. Представленное решение в отечественной практике является новым. В статье приводятся результаты расчетов возмущающих сил и амплитудно-частотных характеристик поперечно-горизонтальных, вертикальных и бортовых колебаний, возникающих при качке двух одинаковых судов, расположенных лагом к волнению и параллельно вертикальной стенке в зависимости от изменения расстояний как между судами, так и между судами и вертикальной стенкой. Проводится исследование влияния различных фарватеров на величины возмущающих сил и амплитудно-частотных характеристик, а именно: мелководного фарватера, мелководного фарватера с вертикальной стенкой, мелководного фарватера со вторым параллельно качающимся судном и мелководного фарватера с вертикальной стенкой и вторым судном. Таким образом, в работе учитывается одновременное влияния мелководья, вертикальной стенки и второго судна. Показано увеличение значений возмущающих сил при уменьшении расстояний между судами и между судами и вертикальной стенкой. Также показано значительное совместное влияние вертикальной стенки и второго судна на амплитудно-частотные характеристики по сравнению со случаем качки судна на мелководье. The article discusses the determination of the exciting forces and moments and amplitude-frequency characteristics arising from the coupled motions of two ships in shallow water conditions parallel to the vertical wall based on the solution of a three-dimensional potential problem. The determination of the potentials of diffracted waves, necessary for calculating the exciting forces, is carried out on the basis of the methods of integral equations and mirror images. The presented solution is new in domestic practice. The article presents the results of calculations of exciting forces and amplitude-frequency characteristics of swaying, heaving and rolling arising from the motions of two identical ships located in the beam waves and parallel to the vertical wall, depending on the change in the distances both between ships and between ships and vertical wall. A study of the influence of various waterways on the magnitude of exciting forces and amplitude-frequency characteristics is being carried out, namely: a shallow waterway, a shallow waterway with a vertical wall, a shallow waterway with a second parallel oscillating ship and a shallow waterway with a vertical wall and a second ship. Thus, the work takes into account the simultaneous influence of shallow water, vertical wall and the second ship. An increase in the values of the exciting forces is shown with a decrease in the distances between ships and between ships and the vertical wall. A significant joint effect of the vertical wall and the second ship on the amplitude-frequency characteristics is also shown in comparison with the case of the ship oscillating in shallow water.

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New form of Transmission Cross Coefficient for High-Resolution Imaging

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100179051 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 60-61

Author(s):

Kazuo Ishizuka

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

High Resolution ◽

Transmission Function ◽

Incident Beam ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Strong Interactions ◽

Small Range ◽

Specimen Thickness ◽

Beam Direction ◽

Diffracted Waves

It is well known that taking into account spacial and temporal coherency of illumination as well as the wave aberration is important to interpret an image of a high-resolution electron microscope (HREM). This occues, because coherency of incident electrons restricts transmission of image information. Due to its large spherical and chromatic aberrations, the electron microscope requires higher coherency than the optical microscope. On an application of HREM for a strong scattering object, we have to estimate the contribution of the interference between the diffracted waves on an image formation. The contribution of each pair of diffracted waves may be properly represented by the transmission cross coefficients (TCC) between these waves. In this report, we will show an improved form of the TCC including second order derivatives, and compare it with the first order TCC.In the electron microscope the specimen is illuminated by quasi monochromatic electrons having a small range of illumination directions. Thus, the image intensity for each energy and each incident direction should be summed to give an intensity to be observed. However, this is a time consuming process, if the ranges of incident energy and/or illumination direction are large. To avoid this difficulty, we can use the TCC by assuming that a transmission function of the specimen does not depend on the incident beam direction. This is not always true, because dynamical scattering is important owing to strong interactions of electrons with the specimen. However, in the case of HREM, both the specimen thickness and the illumination angle should be small. Therefore we may neglect the dependency of the transmission function on the incident beam direction.

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Electron Optical Study of Surface Morphologies of Crystals

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s1431927600001586 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 376-377

Author(s):

Sumio Iijima ◽

Tung Hsu

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Optical Study ◽

Regular Array ◽

Surface Steps ◽

Diffracted Waves ◽

Image Position ◽

Surface Morphologies

Suppose the thickness of a thin film of a crystal varies periodically like a regular array of surface steps, kinematical intensities of diffracted waves from this crystal are modulated by a shape transform,

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Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology ◽

10.31089/1026-9428-2020-60-9-569-574 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (9) ◽

pp. 569-574

Author(s):

Nina B. Rubtsova ◽

Sergey Yu. Perov ◽

Olga V. Belaya ◽

Tatiana A. Konshina

Keyword(s):

Transmission Lines ◽

Power Transmission ◽

Power Grid ◽

Spectral Characteristics ◽

Ground Level ◽

Frequency Characteristics ◽

Frequency Range ◽

Electromagnetic Environment ◽

Limit Values ◽

Special Assessment

Introduction. Electromagnetic safety of power grid facilities staff requires the exclusion of electromagnetic fields (EMF) harmful effects. EMF is evaluated by 50 Hz electric and magnetic fields (EF and MF) values in the framework of working conditions special assessment, and very rarely the analysis of the electromagnetic environment (EME) is carried out in depth. The aim of the study - EME hygienic assessment of power grid EHV facilities personnel workplace with adequate 50 Hz EF and MF levels evaluation as well as the analysis of EF and MF in the frequency range from 5 Hz to 500 Hz amplitude-frequency characteristics. Materials and methods. 50 Hz EF and MF values assessment was carried out on open switchgears (S) of substations and within sanitary breaks of 500 and 750 kV overhead power transmission lines (OTL). Measurements along to OTL trasses was performed using matrix-based method. Measurements and analysis of EF and MF values in 5-500 Hz frequency range amplitude-frequency characteristics were performed in the territory of 500 and 750 kV S. Results. Power frequency 50 Hz measurements results at 500 and 750 kV S ground-level personnel workplaces showed the presence of an excess of permissible limit values by EF intensity and the absence of an excess by MF. The measured EF values within 500 and 750 kV OTL sanitary gaps require limiting the working time of linemen due to the excess of the hygienic norms for full work shift, while the MP levels were almost completely within the standard values for persons not occupationally connected with electrical installations maintenance. MF and EE frequency range from 50 Hz to 500 Hz spectral characteristics analysis showed that 3rd harmonic percentage does not exceed 2.5% for EF and 6% for MF of the main level, the level of the 5th harmonic does not exceed 1% for EF and 3.5% for MF, the level of the 7th harmonic does not exceed 0.2% for EF and 0.8% for MF. These data show despite its low levels the contribution of MF different harmonics in a possible adverse impact on humane than EF corresponding harmonics. Conclusions. There was the confirmation of the previously justified use of the "matrix" scheme for of EF and MF values measurement along OTL routes. The relevance of to EF and MF all frequency components expos ure assessing possible health risk in extremely high voltage S territories and under OTL, based on international recommendations due to the lack of sanitary regulations in the Russian Federation for >50 Hz-30 kHz EF and MF, is shown.

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