Determination of ethanol concentration of ethanol/water mixture solutions with open ended coaxial method

Ultrasound is used in many analysis studies, including liquid mixtures. Many mixtures are analyzed to understand their contents or properties in different situations. One of these mixtures is the ethanol-water combination. In this study, the amount of ethanol in the liquid mixture was determined noninvasively by the ultrasonic method using a microcontroller-based system. The results show that the measurements obtained were within the p<0.05 confidence interval. The characteristics evaluation of the system shows that the system can detect ethanol concentration as low as 0.552 g/L, thus the system has a broad and linear determination range for ethanol. Although the system is calibrated and tested with ethanol-water mixture, it can be used for any mixture that changes density related to the substance concentration, including different alcohols which are soluble in water (glycols, glycoethers, etc.) or any other material (solid or liquid) which is soluble in alcohol or different liquid solvent. The system has so many advantages that make it possible to use comfortably in many areas where the amount of ethanol contained in the mixture is essential. These advantages are the high accuracy and sensitivity, being noninvasive, portable, and not having a destructive effect on the substance. Resumen. El ultrasonido es utilizado en muchos estudios incluyendo las mezclas liquidas. Se analizan varias mezclas para entender sus contenidos y propiedades en diferentes situaciones. Una de estas mezclas es la combinación de etanol-agua. En este estudio, la cantidad de etanol en la mezcla líquida fue determinada de manera no invasiva con el método ultrasonico utilizando un sistema basado en microcontrolador. Los resultados muestran que las mediciones obtenidas se encontraban dentro de un intervalo de confianza de p<0.05. Las características de evaluación del sistema muestran que se puede detectar etanol a una concentración tan baja como 0.552 g/L, por lo tanto, el sistema tiene un rango de determinación linear amplio para etanol. Aunque el sistema se calibra y prueba con mezcla de etanol-agua, puede ser utilizado para cualquier mezcla que cambia de densidad en relación con la concentración de la substancia, incluyendo diferentes alcoholes que son solubles en agua (glicoles, glicoeteres, etc) o cualquier otro material (sólido o líquido) que sea soluble en alcohol o en algún solvente líquido diferente. El sistema tiene muchas ventajas que hacen posible su utilización en muchas áreas donde la cantidad de etanol contenida en la mezcla es esencial. Estas ventajas son de alta precisión y sensiblididad al ser no invasivo, portátil y al no tener un efecto destructivo sobre la sustancia.

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Statistical diagnostics of postmortem artifacts for determination of ethanol concentration

Science and Innovations in Medicine ◽

10.35693/2500-1388-2019-4-4-58-62 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 58-62

Author(s):

German V. Nedugov ◽

Anatoliy P. Ardashkin ◽

Vladimir G. Nedugov

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Alcohol Intoxication ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Acute Alcohol Intoxication ◽

Quantitative Distribution ◽

Physiological Limits ◽

Automated Method ◽

Computational Procedures ◽

Bladder Urine

Objectives - statistical estimation of the physiological limits of the quantitative distribution of ethanol in cadaveric blood and bladder urine and development of an automated method for diagnosing postmortem artifacts of forensic medical examination of acute alcohol intoxication on the corpse. Material and methods. We performed a retrospective statistical analysis of the results of toxicological determination of ethanol concentration in a blood and in the urine in 2376 deaths from acute alcohol intoxication. Results. Regression equations have been developed that allow us to determine the physiological limits of the quantitative distribution of ethanol in blood and urine with any confidence probability for any degree of alcohol intoxication and phase of acute alcohol intoxication. The set of computational procedures is implemented in the format of the computer program "Alcohol calculator Z 3.0". Conclusion. If the concentrations of ethanol in the blood or in the urine are beyond their physiological limits, the results of toxicological analysis should be considered as a postmortem artifact.

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Reduced Graphene Oxide/Gold Nanoparticles Modified Screen-Printed Electrode for the Determination of Palmitic Acid

Journal of Sensors ◽

10.1155/2021/6684770 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Chin Boon Ching ◽

Jaafar Abdullah ◽

Nor Azah Yusof

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Palmitic Acid ◽

Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Water Mixture ◽

Reduced Graphene ◽

Electrochemical Approach ◽

Screen Printed

Palm oil is one of the major oils and fats produced in the world today. The quality of palm oil is crucial to be investigated, and one of the quality indices is free fatty acid (FFA) content. Therefore, in this study, an electrochemical approach for the determination of FFA has been explored as an alternative to replace the conventional method (titration method). The electrochemical method was developed based on electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (rGO) coupled with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) deposited onto a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) via drop-casting technique. The voltammetric behaviour of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (VK3) in the presence of palmitic acid at the modified electrode was investigated in an acetonitrile/water mixture containing lithium perchlorate (LiClO4). The electrochemical detection of palmitic acid was based on the voltammetric reduction of VK3 to form the corresponding hydroquinone which is proportional to the concentration of palmitic acid. Under optimum conditions, the developed method showed a good linear relationship towards palmitic acid in the concentration ranging from 0.192 mM to 0.833 mM with the detection limit of 0.015 mM. The exploration of the developed system is expected to achieve high sensitivity and excellent selectivity towards the determination of FFA content in palm oil.

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Determination of ethanol concentration of aqueous solution by using Raman stretching frequency shifts

Optics and Precision Engineering ◽

10.3788/ope.20111902.0392 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 392-396

Author(s):

吴斌 WU Bin ◽

骆晓森 LUO Xiao-sen ◽

陆建 LU Jian ◽

倪晓武 NI Xiao-wu

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Frequency Shifts

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HIDROLISIS RUMPUT LAUT (Glacilaria sp.) MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS ENZIM DAN ASAM UNTUK PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL

Jurnal Kimia ◽

10.24843/jchem.2016.v10.i01.p02 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Yohanes Armawan Sandi ◽

Wiwik Susanah Rita ◽

Yenni Ciawi

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Hydrochloric Acid ◽

Sulphuric Acid ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Optimum Concentration ◽

Raw Material ◽

Optimum Length ◽

Hydrolysis Of

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of enzyme and acids concentration on the yield of glucose produced in the hydrolysis of Glacilaria sp. in the production of bioethanol. The concentrations of cellulase used were 200 units/mL, 400 units/mL, 600 units/mL, 800 units/mL and the concentration of sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) used were 1%, 3%, 5%, 7% (w/v). The concentration of reduction sugar was determined using Anthrone and analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and the determination of ethanol concentration was carried out by using gas chromatography. The results showed that the contents of reducing sugar produced by sulphuric acid (H2SO4) hydrolysis were 26,19%; 36,69%; 41,40%; 45,0% (v/v), by hydrochloric acid (HCl) were 12,12%; 14,03%; 15,17%; 16,50% (v/v), and by cellulase enzyme were 46,15%; 46,73%; 47,68%; 48,25% (v/v). Optimum concentration of reducing sugar produced by hydrolysis using 800 units/mL cellulase was 48,25% (v/v). The optimum length of fermentation to produce bioethanol using Glacilaria sp. as raw material was 5 days. In the fermentation, inoculum with a concentrations of 5% and 10% (w/v) produced 0,85% and 1,51% (v/v) ethanol.

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Determination of the performance of a dredge operating on water and soil-water mixture

Hydrotechnical Construction ◽

10.1007/bf02443116 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 329-334

Author(s):

A. S. Butov ◽

N. G. Bogdanov

Keyword(s):

Soil Water ◽

Water Mixture

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Study on Technology for Obtaining Quercetin from Linifolius Conyza by Microwave-Assisted Extraction

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.1817 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 550-553 ◽

pp. 1817-1820

Author(s):

Wei Guang Zhang ◽

Ji Hong Liang ◽

You Jie Cai

Keyword(s):

Absorption Spectroscopy ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Single Factor ◽

Solvent Concentration ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Microwave Time ◽

Microwave Assisted Method

Determination of quercetin from Linifolius Conyza by microwave-assisted extraction and absorption spectroscopy was reported. The effects of solvent concentration, microwave time, ratio of solution to solid and microwave-assisted extraction pressure were evaluated by single factor experiments. The extraction conditions of quercetin from Linifolius Conyza by microwave -assisted method were optimized: ethanol concentration is 70 %( V/ V); microwave time is 5 minutes ; ratio of solution to solid is 45:1 and microwave-assisted extraction pressure is 500kPa . microwave - assisted extraction and absorption spectroscopy was simple and accurate with good reproducibility.

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