Machine Learning Model for Breast Cancer Prediction

Aim: After neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), tumor shrinkage pattern is a more reasonable outcome to decide a possible breast-conserving surgery (BCS) than pathological complete response (pCR). The aim of this article was to establish a machine learning model combining radiomics features from multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and clinicopathologic characteristics, for early prediction of tumor shrinkage pattern prior to NACT in breast cancer.Materials and Methods: This study included 199 patients with breast cancer who successfully completed NACT and underwent following breast surgery. For each patient, 4,198 radiomics features were extracted from the segmented 3D regions of interest (ROI) in mpMRI sequences such as T1-weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging (T1-DCE), fat-suppressed T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map. The feature selection and supervised machine learning algorithms were used to identify the predictors correlated with tumor shrinkage pattern as follows: (1) reducing the feature dimension by using ANOVA and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) with 10-fold cross-validation, (2) splitting the dataset into a training dataset and testing dataset, and constructing prediction models using 12 classification algorithms, and (3) assessing the model performance through an area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. We also compared the most discriminative model in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer.Results: The Multilayer Perception (MLP) neural network achieved higher AUC and accuracy than other classifiers. The radiomics model achieved a mean AUC of 0.975 (accuracy = 0.912) on the training dataset and 0.900 (accuracy = 0.828) on the testing dataset with 30-round 6-fold cross-validation. When incorporating clinicopathologic characteristics, the mean AUC was 0.985 (accuracy = 0.930) on the training dataset and 0.939 (accuracy = 0.870) on the testing dataset. The model further achieved good AUC on the testing dataset with 30-round 5-fold cross-validation in three molecular subtypes of breast cancer as following: (1) HR+/HER2–: 0.901 (accuracy = 0.816), (2) HER2+: 0.940 (accuracy = 0.865), and (3) TN: 0.837 (accuracy = 0.811).Conclusions: It is feasible that our machine learning model combining radiomics features and clinical characteristics could provide a potential tool to predict tumor shrinkage patterns prior to NACT. Our prediction model will be valuable in guiding NACT and surgical treatment in breast cancer.

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Annotating and Detecting Topics from Social Media Forum and Modelling the Annotation to Derive Directions-A Case Study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.20608 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Athira B ◽

Josette Jones ◽

Sumam Mary Idicula ◽

Anand Kulanthaivel ◽

Sunandan Chakraborty ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Machine Learning ◽

Social Media ◽

Semantic Annotation ◽

Current Trend ◽

Learning Model ◽

Healthcare Sector ◽

Final Decision ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Machine Learning Model

BACKGROUND Widespread influence on social media has its ramifications on all walks of life over the last few decades. Interestingly enough, the healthcare sector is a significant beneficiary of the reports and pronouncements that appear on social media. Although medics and other health professionals are the final decision-makers, advice or recommendations from kindred patients has consequential role. In full appreciation of the current trend, the present paper explores the topics pertaining to the patients, diagnosed with breast cancer as well as the survivors, who are discussing on online fora. OBJECTIVE The study examines the online forum of Breast Cancer.org (BCO), automatically maps discussion entries to formal topics, and proposes a machine learning model to characterize the topics in the health-related discussion, so as to elicit meaningful deliberations. Therefore, the study of communication messages draws conclusions about what matters to the patients. METHODS Manual annotation was made in the posts of a few randomly selected forums. To explore the topics of breast cancer patients and survivors, 736 posts are selected for semantic annotation. The entire process was automated using machine learning model falling into category of supervised learning algorithms. The effectiveness of those algorithms used for above process has been compared. RESULTS The method could classify following 8-high level topics, such as writing medication reviews, explaining the adverse effects of medication, clinician knowledge, various treatment options, seeking and supporting various matters, diagnostic procedures, financial issues and implications in everyday life. The model viz. Ensembled Neural Network (ENN) achieved a promising predicted score of 83.4 % F1-score among four different models. CONCLUSIONS The research was able to segregate and name the posts all into a set of 8 classes and supported by the efficient scheme for encoding text to vectors, the current machine learning models are shown to give impressive performance in modelling the annotation process.

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