ensemble machine learning
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2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 612-618
Author(s):  
Pavel Matrenin ◽  
Murodbek Safaraliev ◽  
Stepan Dmitriev ◽  
Sergey Kokin ◽  
Anvari Ghulomzoda ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Vinícius de Moura ◽  
Christian Mattjie ◽  
Caroline Machado Dartora ◽  
Rodrigo C. Barros ◽  
Ana Maria Marques da Silva

Both reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and chest X-rays are used for the diagnosis of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). However, COVID-19 pneumonia does not have a defined set of radiological findings. Our work aims to investigate radiomic features and classification models to differentiate chest X-ray images of COVID-19-based pneumonia and other types of lung patterns. The goal is to provide grounds for understanding the distinctive COVID-19 radiographic texture features using supervised ensemble machine learning methods based on trees through the interpretable Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) approach. We use 2,611 COVID-19 chest X-ray images and 2,611 non-COVID-19 chest X-rays. After segmenting the lung in three zones and laterally, a histogram normalization is applied, and radiomic features are extracted. SHAP recursive feature elimination with cross-validation is used to select features. Hyperparameter optimization of XGBoost and Random Forest ensemble tree models is applied using random search. The best classification model was XGBoost, with an accuracy of 0.82 and a sensitivity of 0.82. The explainable model showed the importance of the middle left and superior right lung zones in classifying COVID-19 pneumonia from other lung patterns.


Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Zhen Chen ◽  
Qian Cheng ◽  
Fuyi Duan ◽  
Xiuqiao Huang ◽  
Honggang Xu ◽  
...  

Winter wheat is a widely-grown cereal crop worldwide. Using growth-stage information to estimate winter wheat yields in a timely manner is essential for accurate crop management and rapid decision-making in sustainable agriculture, and to increase productivity while reducing environmental impact. UAV remote sensing is widely used in precision agriculture due to its flexibility and increased spatial and spectral resolution. Hyperspectral data are used to model crop traits because of their ability to provide continuous rich spectral information and higher spectral fidelity. In this study, hyperspectral image data of the winter wheat crop canopy at the flowering and grain-filling stages was acquired by a low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and machine learning was used to predict winter wheat yields. Specifically, a large number of spectral indices were extracted from the spectral data, and three feature selection methods, recursive feature elimination (RFE), Boruta feature selection, and the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), were used to filter high spectral indices in order to reduce the dimensionality of the data. Four major basic learner models, (1) support vector machine (SVM), (2) Gaussian process (GP), (3) linear ridge regression (LRR), and (4) random forest (RF), were also constructed, and an ensemble machine learning model was developed by combining the four base learner models. The results showed that the SVM yield prediction model, constructed on the basis of the preferred features, performed the best among the base learner models, with an R2 between 0.62 and 0.73. The accuracy of the proposed ensemble learner model was higher than that of each base learner model; moreover, the R2 (0.78) for the yield prediction model based on Boruta’s preferred characteristics was the highest at the grain-filling stage.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
John Hutchinson ◽  
Mohammad Asad ◽  
Yadong Wang ◽  
...  

Background: It's critical to identify COVID-19 patients with a higher death risk at early stage to give them better hospitalization or intensive care. However, thus far, none of the machine learning models has been shown to be successful in an independent cohort. We aim to develop a machine learning model which could accurately predict death risk of COVID-19 patients at an early stage in other independent cohorts. Methods: We used a cohort containing 4711 patients whose clinical features associated with patient physiological conditions or lab test data associated with inflammation, hepatorenal function, cardiovascular function and so on to identify key features. To do so, we first developed a novel data preprocessing approach to clean up clinical features and then developed an ensemble machine learning method to identify key features. Results: Finally, we identified 14 key clinical features whose combination reached a good predictive performance of AUC 0.907. Most importantly, we successfully validated these key features in a large independent cohort containing 15,790 patients. Conclusions: Our study shows that 14 key features are robust and useful in predicting the risk of death in patients confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection at an early stage, and potentially useful in clinical settings to help in making clinical decisions.


Mathematics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Bubryur Kim ◽  
Dong-Eun Lee ◽  
Gang Hu ◽  
Yuvaraj Natarajan ◽  
Sri Preethaa ◽  
...  

Developments in fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials have created a huge impact on civil engineering techniques. Bonding properties of FRP led to its wide usage with concrete structures for interfacial bonding. FRP materials show great promise for rehabilitation of existing infrastructure by strengthening concrete structures. Existing machine learning-based models for predicting the FRP–concrete bond strength have not attained maximum performance in evaluating the bond strength. This paper presents an ensemble machine learning approach capable of predicting the FRP–concrete interfacial bond strength. In this work, a dataset holding details of 855 single-lap shear tests on FRP–concrete interfacial bonds extracted from the literature is used to build a bond strength prediction model. Test results hold data of different material properties and geometrical parameters influencing the FRP–concrete interfacial bond. This study employs CatBoost algorithm, an improved ensemble machine learning approach used to accurately predict bond strength of FRP–concrete interface. The algorithm performance is compared with those of other ensemble methods (i.e., histogram gradient boosting algorithm, extreme gradient boosting algorithm, and random forest). The CatBoost algorithm outperforms other ensemble methods with various performance metrics (i.e., lower root mean square error (2.310), lower covariance (21.8%), lower integral absolute error (8.8%), and higher R-square (96.1%)). A comparative study is performed between the proposed model and best performing bond strength prediction models in the literature. The results show that FRP–concrete interfacial bonding can be effectively predicted using proposed ensemble method.


Author(s):  
Vedika Gupta ◽  
Nikita Jain ◽  
Harshit Garg ◽  
Srishti Jhunthra ◽  
Senthilkumar Mohan ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Helmi Zulhaidi Mohd Shafri ◽  
Yuhao Ang ◽  
Shahrul Azman Bakar ◽  
Haryati Abidin ◽  
Yang Ping Lee ◽  
...  

Buildings ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Obuks Augustine Ejohwomu ◽  
Olakekan Shamsideen Oshodi ◽  
Majeed Oladokun ◽  
Oyegoke Teslim Bukoye ◽  
Nwabueze Emekwuru ◽  
...  

Exposure of humans to high concentrations of PM2.5 has adverse effects on their health. Researchers estimate that exposure to particulate matter from fossil fuel emissions accounted for 18% of deaths in 2018—a challenge policymakers argue is being exacerbated by the increase in the number of extreme weather events and rapid urbanization as they tinker with strategies for reducing air pollutants. Drawing on a number of ensemble machine learning methods that have emerged as a result of advancements in data science, this study examines the effectiveness of using ensemble models for forecasting the concentrations of air pollutants, using PM2.5 as a representative case. A comprehensive evaluation of the ensemble methods was carried out by comparing their predictive performance with that of other standalone algorithms. The findings suggest that hybrid models provide useful tools for PM2.5 concentration forecasting. The developed models show that machine learning models are efficient in predicting air particulate concentrations, and can be used for air pollution forecasting. This study also provides insights into how climatic factors influence the concentrations of pollutants found in the air.


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