Is the Sky Above us Safe and How Has This Been Influenced by the Past and Present Policies? : Unmanned Aerial Systems and their Cybersecurity Implications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian R. McAndrew ◽  
Elena Vishnevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Aerial Systems

Public Safety Implementation of Unmanned Aerial Systems for Photogrammetric Mapping of Crash Scenes

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (7) ◽  
pp. 567-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Bullock ◽  
Robert Hainje ◽  
Ayman Habib ◽  
Deborah Horton ◽  
Darcy M. Bullock
Keyword(s):  
Public Safety ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
The Past ◽  
Squared Error ◽  
Aerial Systems ◽  
Terrestrial Photogrammetry

Terrestrial photogrammetry using acquired images by a hand-held camera has been used for several years to map crash scene geometry. More recently, photogrammetric reconstruction from acquired images by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) has been proposed for crash scene mapping. Over the past year, the Tippecanoe County Sherriff’s Office has participated in three workshops with Purdue University, applied these skills in two training mass casualty exercises, and independently mapped five crash scenes in June and July 2018. This paper briefly reviews the training sessions, mass casualty exercises, and five crash scenes mapped by Tippecanoe County Sherriff’s deputies. The paper presents a comparison of both traditional ground-based and UAS-based photogrammetric mapping for two crashes in July 2018. The UAS procedures described in this paper are quite similar to current ground-based photogrammetric mapping. The UAS-based photogrammetric mapping derived measurements from eight identified crash scene markers and key features were found to be within 0.29 ft of field tape measurements, or with 0.4% or less relative error and a root mean squared error of 0.12 ft. We believe this paper will become important documentation in the literature that will provide public safety agencies with performance data to support their deliberation in investing in this new technology.

Unmanned aerial system applications in construction: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Zhou ◽  
Masoud Gheisari
Keyword(s):  
Progress Monitoring ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Building Maintenance ◽  
Current State ◽  
Aerial Systems ◽  
Rotary Wing ◽  
Uas Applications

PurposeOver the past decade, researchers have used unmanned aerial systems (UASs) in construction industry for various applications from site inspection to safety monitoring or building maintenance. This paper aims to assort academic studies on construction UAS applications, summarize logics behind using UAS in each application and extend understanding of current state of UAS research in the construction setting.Design/methodology/approachThis research follows a systematic literature assessment methodology to summarize the results of 54 research papers over the past ten years and outlines the research trends for applying UASs in construction.FindingsUASs are used in building inspection, damage assessment, site surveying, safety inspection, progress monitoring, building maintenance and other construction applications. Cost saving, time efficiency and improved accessibility are the primary reasons for choosing UAS in construction applications. Rotary-wing UASs are the most common types of UASs being used in construction. Cameras, LiDAR and Kinect are the most common onboard sensors integrated in construction UAS applications. The control styles used are manual, semi-autonomous and autonomous.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to classification of UAS applications in construction research and identification of UAS hardware and sensor types as well as their flying control systems in construction literature.

The civil use of small unmanned aerial systems (sUASs): operational and safety challenges

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 703-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Novaro Mascarello ◽  
Fulvia Quagliotti
Keyword(s):  
Medical Equipment ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Unmanned Vehicles ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Military Applications ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
Emergency Scenarios ◽  
Aerial Systems

Purpose In the past decades, both civil and military applications of small unmanned aerial systems (sUASs) have been on the rise. The sUASs guarantee the performance of dangerous, dull, duly and dirty missions, according to the 4D rule. The purpose of this study is to describe, some ethical, operational and safety challenges occur owing to the use of sUASs at over-crowded areas or in emergency scenarios. After an overview of the current sUAS regulations, some strategic configuration elements will be analysed to improve these systems and to define safe and inoffensive sUASs. Nevertheless, some problems have not been completely overcome. Design/methodology/approach The unmanned vehicles are nowadays applied for different kinds of applications. Search and rescue (S&R) missions; terrain surveillance and monitoring after natural disasters, such as earthquakes and landslides; and transportation of medical equipment and cartography are some examples of the most renowned and important civil missions of sUAS. In all these scenarios, some challenges could be encountered. First, the use of sUASs could compromise the privacy of unaware citizens who are in the area of application. Moreover, even if the unmanned vehicle works according to national and international regulations, there are some hazards both for the ground operators and for the population, because these sUASs could impact the human body after a flight failure. Findings In this paper, current principal regulations will be analysed, identifying some differences and discrepancies among them. Moreover, some considerations about the configuration elements are introduced to define the safe use of sUASs. Nevertheless, the privacy challenge is quite complicated to be overcome definitely. Originality/value Considering some challenges related to the civil applications of sUASs, new unmanned configurations could be developed to guarantee safety and data protection of unaware people.

scholarly journals Cooperative Unmanned Aerial System Reconnaissance in a Complex Urban Environment and Uneven Terrain

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 3754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Stodola ◽  
Jan Drozd ◽  
Jan Mazal ◽  
Jan Hodický ◽  
Dalibor Procházka
Keyword(s):  
Robotic Systems ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Complex Environment ◽  
Uneven Terrain ◽  
The Past ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
New Formulation ◽  
Aerial Systems

Using unmanned robotic systems in military operations such as reconnaissance or surveillance, as well as in many civil applications, is common practice. In this article, the problem of monitoring the specified area of interest by a fleet of unmanned aerial systems is examined. The monitoring is planned via the Cooperative Aerial Model, which deploys a number of waypoints in the area; these waypoints are visited successively by unmanned systems. The original model proposed in the past assumed that the area to be explored is perfectly flat. A new formulation of this model is introduced in this article so that the model can be used in a complex environment with uneven terrain and/or with many obstacles, which may occlude some parts of the area of interest. The optimization algorithm based on the simulated annealing principles is proposed for positioning of waypoints to cover as large an area as possible. A set of scenarios has been designed to verify and evaluate the proposed approach. The key experiments are aimed at finding the minimum number of waypoints needed to explore at least the minimum requested portion of the area. Furthermore, the results are compared to the algorithm based on the lawnmower pattern.

scholarly journals LOW-COST UAS PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR ROAD INFRASTRUCTURES’ INSPECTION

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B2-2020 ◽  
pp. 1145-1150
Author(s):  
L. Pinto ◽  
F. Bianchini ◽  
V. Nova ◽  
D. Passoni
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Control Points ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ground Control Points ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Aerial Systems ◽  
Cloud Of Points ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract. All over the world, road infrastructures are getting closer to their life cycle and need to be constantly inspected: a consistent number of bridges are structurally deficient, and the risk of collapse can no longer be excluded. In contrast with the past, the interest in structure durability has recently grown rapidly. In order to make bridges durable, it is necessary to carry out ordinary maintenance, preceded by inspection activities, which can be traditionally divided in two categories: destructive and non-destructive (NDT). All the NDT inspections (visual, IR thermography, GPR) can be conducted by using UAS (Unmanned Aerial Systems), a technology that makes bridges inspections quicker, cheaper, objective and repeatable. This study presents the visual inspection and survey of two bridges by using a UAS DJI Mavic 2 Pro, equipped with a 20Mpixel Hasselblad camera that records 60fps 4K video and a 10bit radiometric resolution. Starting from the acquired data, a 3D model of each structure was built by using Structure from Motion (SfM) principles and software. To validate the two models, each of them characterized by a centimetric accuracy, the UAS camera generated cloud of points and was co-registered with the point cloud of a terrestrial laser-scanner using Ground Control Points (GCPs). To make this, CloudCompare comparison software was used; the plugin M3C2 automatically calculates the distance between the points of two compared clouds. Finally, some general rules concerning the UAS main characteristics for inspection of bridges and software for data processing are proposed.

LIGHTER-THAN-AIR (LTA) UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEM (UAS) CARRIER CONCEPT FOR SURVAILLANCE AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1255
Author(s):  
Ahmad Salahuddin Mohd Harithuddin ◽  
Mohd Fazri Sedan ◽  
Syaril Azrad Md Ali ◽  
Shattri Mansor ◽  
Hamid Reza Jifroudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Unmanned Aerial System ◽  
Border Control ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Operational Safety ◽  
In Situ Methods ◽  
Aerial Systems

Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) has many advantages in the fields of SURVAILLANCE and disaster management compared to space-borne observation, manned missions and in situ methods. The reasons include cost effectiveness, operational safety, and mission efficiency. This has in turn underlined the importance of UAS technology and highlighted a growing need in a more robust and efficient unmanned aerial vehicles to serve specific needs in SURVAILLANCE and disaster management. This paper first gives an overview on the framework for SURVAILLANCE particularly in applications of border control and disaster management and lists several phases of SURVAILLANCE and service descriptions. Based on this overview and SURVAILLANCE phases descriptions, we show the areas and services in which UAS can have significant advantage over traditional methods.

Beach and dune impacts due to Hurricane Florence in Dare County, North Carolina

Shore & Beach ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Sciaudone ◽  
Liliana Velasquez-Montoya
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
State University ◽  
National Wildlife Refuge ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Wildlife Refuge ◽  
Full Report ◽  
Aerial Systems

Less than two weeks after Hurricane Florence made landfall in North Carolina (NC), a team of researchers from NC State University traveled to Dare County to investigate the storm’s effects on beaches and dunes. Using available post-storm imagery and prior knowledge of vulnerabilities in the system, the team identified several locations to visit in the towns of Kitty Hawk, Nags Head, Rodanthe, Buxton, and Hatteras, as well as a number of locations within the Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge (Figure 1). Data collected included topographic profiles, still imagery and video from unmanned aerial systems, sediment samples, and geo-located photography. This Coastal Observations piece presents some of the data and photos collected; the full report is available online (Sciaudone et al. 2019), and data collected will be made available to interested researchers upon request.

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