Summary
Acoustic velocity is one of the key thermodynamic properties that can supplement phase behavior or pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) measurements of pure substances and mixtures. Several important fluid properties are relatively difficult to obtain through traditional measurement techniques, correlations, or equation of state (EOS) models. Acoustic measurements offer a simpler method to obtain some of these properties. In this work, we used an experimental method based on ultrasonic pulse-echo measurements in a high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) cell to estimate acoustic velocity in fluid mixtures. We used this technique to estimate related key PVT parameters (such as compressibility), thereby bridging gaps in essential data.
In particular, the effect of dilution with methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) at pressures from 15 to 62 MPa and temperatures from 313 to 344 K is studied for two reservoir fluid systems to capture the effect of the gas/oil ratio (GOR) and density variations on measured viscosity and acoustic velocity. Correlative analysis of the acoustic velocity and viscosity data were then performed to develop an empirical correlation that is a function of GOR. Such a correlation can be useful for improving the interpretation of the sonic velocity response and the calibration of viscosity changes when areal fluid properties vary with GOR, especially in disequilibrium systems. In addition, under isothermal conditions, the acoustic velocity of a live oil decreases monotonically with decreasing pressure until the saturation point where the trend is reversed. This observation can also be used as a technique to estimate the saturation pressure of a live oil or as a byproduct of the target experiments. It supplements the classical pressure/volume measurements to determine the bubblepoint pressure.
Fuzzy and Position Particle Swarm Optimized Routing in VANET
