Fuzzy Ontology for Requirements Determination and Documentation During Software Development

Every business has an underlying information system. Quality and creditability of a system depend mainly on provided requirements. Good quality requirements of a system increase the degree of quality of the system. Hence, requirements determinations is of prime importance. Inadequate and misunderstood requirements are major problems in requirements determination. Major stakeholders of the requirements are non-computer professional users, who may provide imprecise, vague, and ambiguous requirements. Further, the system development process may be partly automated and based on platform such as web or Semantic Web. In this case, a proper ontology to represent requirements is needed. The chapter proposes a fuzzy RDF/XML-based ontology to document various requirements. A generic architecture of requirements management system is also provided. To demonstrate the presented approach, a case of student monitoring and learning is presented with sample software requirements specifications and interfaces to collect requirements. The chapter concludes with advantages, applications, and future enhancements.

Automatic Generation Mechanism of Cause-Effect Graph with Informal Requirement Specification Based on the Korean Language

In requirement engineering, an important issue is how to transform and tailor the informal system requirements of users or customers into more structured specification documents, which are then used by the software developers. In addition, it is both challenging and necessary to redefine and analyze, from ill-defined or unknown requirements, specifications correctly and automatically generate test cases with them. There are few kinds of research in Korea for automatically reducing requirement complexity and developing test cases of the Korean language-based requirement specifications. Why do we need requirement simplification? Requirement complexity causes analyzers less readability and low understandability. To do this, we propose the automatic cause-effect generation via a requirement simplification mechanism of informal requirement specifications with the Korean language, which works the following procedures: (1) the automatic simplification of informal requirement sentences, (2) the generation of Condition/Conjunction/Clause Tree (C3Tree) Model, (3) and the Cause-effect generation.

On the S-25 anti-aircraft missile system. Part 1

The paper introduces and analyzes the results of research into the development of anti-aircraft missile systems through the example of the first Russian anti-aircraft missile system S-25. The study describes the capabilities of the anti-aircraft missile system as the implementation of the requirements specifications in the context of the development of military aviation technology and electronic warfare means and emphasizes the importance of cooperation between enterprises — developers of guided missile weapons. Although the latter issue is poorly covered in the Russian scientific, technical, and educational literature, it is an important problem in organizing the development of missile systems. The paper is the first to provide detailed data on the content and timing of the stages of modernization of the S-25 system, and also presents graphic material that clearly demonstrates the change in the capabilities of the S-25 system due to an intensive change in the characteristics of military aircraft.

Blockchain Smart Contract Meta-modeling

One of the key benefits of blockchain technology is its ability to keep a permanent, unalterable record of transactions. In business environments, where companies interact with each other without a centralized authority to ensure trust between them, this has led to blockchain platforms and smart contracts being proposed as a means of implementing trustworthy collaborative processes. Software engineers must deal with them to ensure the quality of smart contracts in all phases of the smart contract lifecycle, from requirements specifications to design and deployment. This broad scope and criticality of smart contracts in business environments means that they have to be expressed in a language that is intuitive, easy-to-use, independent of the blockchain platform employed, and oriented towards software quality assurance. In this paper we present a key component: a first outline of a UML-based smart contract meta-model that would allow us to achieve these objectives. This meta-model will be enriched in future work to represent blockchain environments and automated testing.

AGUTER a platform for automated generation of user acceptance tests from requirements specifications

PurposeThis article proposes a strategy to make the testing step easier, generating user acceptance tests (UATs) in an automatic way from requirements artifacts.Design/methodology/approachThis strategy is based on two modeling frameworks: scenarios and task/method paradigm. Scenarios are a requirement artifact used to describe business processes and requirements, and task/method paradigm is a modeling paradigm coming from the artificial intelligence field. The proposed strategy is composed of four steps. In the first step, scenarios are described through a semantic wiki website. Then scenarios are automatically translated into a task/method model (step two). In the third step, the task/method model obtained in step two is executed in order to produce and store all possible achievements of tasks and thus scenarios. The stored achievements are saved in a data structure called execution tree (ET). Finally, from this ET (step four), the UATs are generated.FindingsThe feasibility of this strategy is shown through a case study coming from the agriculture production systems field.Originality/valueGenerally, test design approaches deal with a small number of variables describing one specific situation where a decision table or workflow is used to design tests. The proposed approach can deal with many variables because the authors rely on scenarios that can be composed in order to obtain a tree with all the testing paths that can arise from their description.

Problem of Inconsistency and Default Consistency Rules

We investigate inconsistency problem in textual functional requirements specifications. We argue that some sources of inconsistency can be revealed during the very first steps of textual requirements analysis. In this paper, we focus on those facts and rules that domain experts find so obvious that they do not even mention them to the analysts during the discussions about the product to be constructed. However, what is very obvious for stakeholders may not be obvious for analysts. We call such rules default consistency rules. We argue that the lack of the default consistency rules leads to incompleteness in the requirements, and it causes incon- sistency with all its unpleasant consequences. In this contribution, we describe our approach to the problem of how the missing information can be both identified in the original requirements and found in external sources. We show a motivational example and explain our method.

PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI DIRECT DEBIT DONOR PROGRAMME (DDDP) DENGAN PENDEKATAN INCREMENTAL LIFE CYCLE MODEL (STUDI KASUS LEMBAGA KONSERVASI LINGKUNGAN DI JAKARTA)

Direct Debit Donor Programme (DDDP) is a donation program for individuals who are interested in taking part in social activities by direct debit of donations through bank accounts or credit cards which are commonly referred to as supporters or donors. Management of a structured and integrated information system with a good database concept will support a more effective and efficient performance. This study aims to analyze and develop the DDDP information system as a solution for supporter donation data management in increasing time efficiency. Information system development is carried out in stages starting from the need for basic functions in accordance with the development stages with the Incremental model, namely Requirements, Specifications, Architecture Design, Code and Test. modeling system development using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). Data collection was carried out through observation, direct interviews with related parties, viewing documents that were related to the research being carried out and conducting literature reviews. Functional testing on the system uses the black box testing method with the test results not found any errors in the system. The result of this research is a supporter donation data management information system which is named DDDP Application System.

Utilizing of the Trello API Within the Development of a Monitoring Information System Recording of Project Activities Using a Website-Based Kanban System (Case Study : Electrical Project of PT. XYZ)

One of the units of the company which is engaged in electricity handles many electrical large projects. The current condition of recording project activities that is still done manually and is not centralized has become difficulties in searching for data when needed. Job targets that also cannot be monitored create difficulties in management. Therefore, an effective and efficient monitoring information system for recording project activities is required so as to facilitate the management of monitoring data projects and data retrieval. The system development process using the prototyping method is implemented on a website basis by utilizing the Kanban system in managing work items. The Trello API is used to retrieve project data along with the use of the Kanban system in Trello to maintain data security which can only be managed by the project manager. System development is carried out through the stages of problem identification, literature study, needs analysis, design with Unified Modeling Language, and implementation using Laravel as a framework. Functional testing of the system with Blackbox testing gets 100% indicating the system is in accordance with the requirements specifications. Usability testing using the System Usability Scale gets a value of 84 in the acceptable system category. Responsive testing is conducted with the results of the interface meets various screen sizes and orientations. The compatibility testing implementation shows the system works well with various browsers.

Through Wall Imaging Radar Antenna with a Focus on Opening New Research Avenues

This review paper is an effort to develop insight into the development in antennas for through wall imaging radar application. Review on literature on antennas for use in through wall imaging radar, fulfilling one or more requirements/specifications such as ultrawide bandwidth, stable and high gain, stable unidirectional radiation pattern, wide scanning angle, compactness ensuring portability and facilitating real-time efficient and simple imaging is presented. The review covers variants of Vivaldi, Bow tie, Horn, Spiral, Patch and Magneto-electric dipole antennas demonstrated as suitable antennas for the through wall imaging radar application. With an aim to open new research avenues for making better through wall imaging radar antenna, review on relevant compressive reflector antennas, surface integrated waveguide antennas, plasma antennas, metamaterial antennas and single frequency dynamically configurable meta-surface antennas are incorporated. The review paper brings out possibilities of designing an optimum through wall imaging radar antenna and prospects of future research on the antenna to improve radiation pattern and facilitate overall simple and efficient imaging by the through wall imaging radar.

Hybrid dynamic logic institutions for event/data-based systems

We propose $$\varepsilon^\downarrow(\mathcal{\vec{D}})$$ ε ↓ ( D → ) -logic as a formal foundation for the specification and development of event-based systems with data states. The framework is presented as an institution in the sense of Goguen and Burstall and the logic itself is parametrised by an underlying institution $$\mathcal{\vec{D}}$$ D → whose structures are used to model data states. $$\varepsilon^\downarrow(\mathcal{\vec{D}})$$ ε ↓ ( D → ) -logic is intended to cover a broad range of abstraction levels from abstract requirements specifications up to constructive specifications. It uses modal diamond and box operators over complex actions adopted from dynamic logic. Atomic actions are pairs "Image missing" where e is an event and $$\psi$$ ψ a state transition predicate capturing the allowed reactions to the event. To write concrete specifications of recursive process structures we integrate (control) state variables and binders of hybrid logic. The semantic interpretation relies on event/data transition systems. For the presentation of constructive specifications we propose operational event/data specifications allowing for familiar, diagrammatic representations by state transition graphs. We show that $$\varepsilon^\downarrow(\mathcal{\vec{D}})$$ ε ↓ ( D → ) -logic is powerful enough to characterise the semantics of an operational specification by a single $$\varepsilon^\downarrow(\mathcal{\vec{D}})$$ ε ↓ ( D → ) -sentence. Thus the whole (formal) development process for event/data-based systems relies on $$\varepsilon^\downarrow(\mathcal{\vec{D}})$$ ε ↓ ( D → ) -logic and its semantics as a common basis. It is supported by a variety of implementation constructors which can express, among others, event refinement and parallel composition. Due to the genericity of the approach, it is also possible to change a data state institution during system development when needed. All steps of our formal treatment are illustrated by a running example.