Blockchain-based Internet of Vehicles (BIoV): An Approach Towards Smart Cities Development

It had been predicted that by 2020, nearly 26 billion devices would be connected to the Internet, with a big percentage being vehicles. The Internet of Vehicles (IoVa) is a concept that refers to the connection and cooperation of smart vehicles and devices in a network through the generation, transmission, and processing of data that aims at improving traffic congestion, travel time, and comfort, all the while reducing pollution and accidents. However, this transmission of sensitive data (e.g., location) needs to occur with defined security properties to safeguard vehicles and their drivers since attackers could use this data. Blockchain is a fairly recent technology that guarantees trust between nodes through cryptography mechanisms and consensus protocols in distributed, untrustful environments, like IoV networks. Much research has been done in implementing the former in the latter to impressive results, as Blockchain can cover and offer solutions to many IoV problems. However, these implementations have to deal with the challenge of IoV node’s resource constraints since they do not suffice for the computational and energy requirements of traditional Blockchain systems, which is one of the biggest limitations of Blockchain implementations in IoV. Finally, these two technologies can be used to build the foundations for smart cities, enabling new application models and better results for end-users.

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The optimized energy-efficient sensible edge processing model for the internet of vehicles in smart cities

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments ◽

10.1016/j.seta.2021.101477 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 101477

Author(s):

Xianhao Shen ◽

Haitao Yu ◽

Xiaoyong Liu ◽

Qiu Bin ◽

Ashish Kr. Luhach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficient ◽

Smart Cities ◽

The Internet ◽

Internet Of Vehicles

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An Efficient Block Chain Based Security Scheme for Internet of Vehicles (IoV): ICAISC-2020 (International Conference on Recent Trends in Artificial Intelligence, IOT, Smart Cities & Applications: 2020)

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3805443 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tamoghna Mandal ◽

Soumen Sarkar

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Internet Of Vehicles ◽

International Conference ◽

Security Scheme ◽

Recent Trends ◽

Block Chain

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An urban expressway forwarding scheme for cognitive Internet of vehicles

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks ◽

10.1177/1550147720912947 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 155014772091294

Author(s):

Jing Wang ◽

Huyin Zhang ◽

Sheng Hao ◽

Chuhao Fu

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Radio ◽

Traffic Safety ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Radio Spectrum ◽

Base Stations ◽

Radio Link ◽

Integer Optimization ◽

Internet Of Vehicles ◽

Urban Expressway ◽

Channel Availability

The Internet of vehicles is an essential component for building smart cities that can improve traffic safety and provide multimedia entertainment services. The cognitive radio–enabled Internet of vehicles was proposed to resolve the conflict between the increasing demand of Internet of vehicles applications and the limited spectrum resources. The multi-hop transmission is one of the most important issues in cognitive radio–enabled Internet of vehicles networks. Nevertheless, most existing forwarding solutions designed for the cognitive radio–enabled Internet of vehicles did not consider the urban expressway scenario, where primary base stations are densely installed with small coverage areas. In this case, it is difficult to ensure that the sender and the receiver of the same cognitive radio link have similar channel availability statistics, which makes cognitive radio links more likely to be interrupted. To address this challenge, we develop a multi-hop forwarding scheme to minimize the end-to-end delay for such networks. We first formulate the delay minimization problem as a non-linear integer optimization problem. Then, we propose an approach to select the relay candidates by jointly considering the high mobility of vehicles and the unique cognitive radio spectrum usage distributions in urban expressway scenarios. Finally, we propose the low-latency forwarding strategies by considering the channel availability and the delay cost of different situations of relay candidates. Simulations show the advantages of our proposed scheme, compared with state-of-art methods.

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Blockchain for the Internet of Vehicles: A Decentralized IoT Solution for Vehicles Communication Using Ethereum

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20143928 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (14) ◽

pp. 3928 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rateb Jabbar ◽

Mohamed Kharbeche ◽

Khalifa Al-Khalifa ◽

Moez Krichen ◽

Kamel Barkaoui

Keyword(s):

Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽

Secure Communication ◽

Data Exchange ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Transportation Systems ◽

Smart Devices ◽

The Internet ◽

Internet Of Vehicles ◽

Computing Platform ◽

Blockchain Technology

The concept of smart cities has become prominent in modern metropolises due to the emergence of embedded and connected smart devices, systems, and technologies. They have enabled the connection of every “thing” to the Internet. Therefore, in the upcoming era of the Internet of Things, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) will play a crucial role in newly developed smart cities. The IoV has the potential to solve various traffic and road safety problems effectively in order to prevent fatal crashes. However, a particular challenge in the IoV, especially in Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications, is to ensure fast, secure transmission and accurate recording of the data. In order to overcome these challenges, this work is adapting Blockchain technology for real time application (RTA) to solve Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications problems. Therefore, the main novelty of this paper is to develop a Blockchain-based IoT system in order to establish secure communication and create an entirely decentralized cloud computing platform. Moreover, the authors qualitatively tested the performance and resilience of the proposed system against common security attacks. Computational tests showed that the proposed solution solved the main challenges of Vehicle-to-X (V2X) communications such as security, centralization, and lack of privacy. In addition, it guaranteed an easy data exchange between different actors of intelligent transportation systems.

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Internet of Vehicle Empowered Mobile Media Scenarios: In-Vehicle Infotainment Solutions for the Mobility as a Service (MaaS)

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12187448 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (18) ◽

pp. 7448

Author(s):

Zhiyuan Yu ◽

Doudou Jin ◽

Xiaoxiao Song ◽

Chao Zhai ◽

Desheng Wang

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Intelligent Transportation ◽

Urban Environments ◽

The Internet ◽

Connected Vehicles ◽

Mobile Media ◽

Internet Of Vehicles ◽

Media Services ◽

The Media

Recently, the commercial potentials and practical values of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) have been witnessed for sustainable development of smart cities in the field of intelligent transportation. Driven by the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), vehicles gradually become mobile living spaces to satisfy diverse demands of occupants, where the media functionalities, scenario scopes, and user engagements can be all expended dramatically. In the era of 5G/B5G, the intelligent connected vehicles are considered as super media because of the improved In-Vehicle Infotainment (IVI). In this paper, relying on the advanced communication and intelligent techniques, we investigate the IoV-based vehicle-mounted media scenarios and construct IVI solutions for the MaaS. Firstly, we propose the characteristics of vehicle-mounted media scenarios and present the IVI evolution from the aspects of hearing, vision and multi-sensory media services. Secondly, we point out the main features and limitations of IoV-based IVI in 3G/4G. Finally, exploring the potential of super media, both the linkage display and IVI collaborative modes in vehicle-centric media scenarios are introduced as IVI solutions for the MaaS in 5G-V2X and beyond, which intend to further improve the audio-visual experiences of occupants and observers in urban environments.

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Internet of Vehicles. Technologies and Services Toward Smart Cities

10.1007/978-3-030-38651-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Smart Cities ◽

Internet Of Vehicles

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INTERNET OF VEHICLES: AN INTRODUCTION

International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering ◽

10.23956/ijarcsse.v8i1.512 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 11 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Matthew N. O. Sadiku ◽

Mahamadou Tembely ◽

Sarhan M. Musa

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Automotive Industry ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Mobile Internet ◽

The Internet ◽

Internet Of Vehicles ◽

The Internet Of Things

As more and more people drive cars and vehicles, there is a corresponding increase in the number of fatalities that occur due to accidents. As these vehicles are increasingly being connected to the Internet of things (IoT), they form the Internet of vehicles (IoV). Thus, IoV is the convergence of the mobile Internet and IoT. It is an emerging field for the automotive industry and an important part of the smart cities. This paper provides a brief introduction to Internet of Vehicles (IoV).

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