Design Radio Network Links to Provide Internet for Pupulation of San Andres de Llamellin-Ancash

In recent years being able to have access to the internet has become a tool not only to be able to communicate in the distance but it is a great tool to be able to feed knowledge, it is because of them that children have a great educational utility and after this pandemic in Peru it was necessary to close schools, to be able to give remote classes or virtual classes. To solve the problem, we propose to be able to design a network of radio links whereby means of a base station of emission and reception, with an antenna of sectorial type and directional antennas to be able to realize a Point – Multipoint link which will be able to manage the quality of signal by means of a routing with functions of control of speeds for each connection of each home. It was the result that the connections of the radio link at an average distance from the coverage that the network had the signal was better and that the connections that were very far or close to the coverage area had complications, but despite this the connections were sufficient to be able to maintain the virtual classes that is what was planned. It is recommended that for a better connection and complete coverage it would be to reinforce the broadcast base with more sectoral antennas in the network. Keywords- Radio link, Point - Multipoint, Router, Download speed, Upload speed.

Perancangan Penerangan Lampu Pada Windsock Berbasis Internet of Things

Inovasi yang dibuat oleh penulis “RANCANGAN PENERANGAN LAMPU PADA WINDSOCK BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS” Pengembangan alat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan solusi pada kabel kontrol apabila terjadi sambaran petir yang menyebabkan pembumian dan mengakibatkan korosi yang dapat membuat kabel kontrol rusak. Manfaat dari pengembangan alat ini dapat mempermudah teknisi dalam hal perbaikan dan perawatan. Jenis metode penelitian adalah metode penelitian rancang bangun. Metode penelitian terapan/pengembangan alat ini meliputi perencanaan (planning), pelaksanaan (acting), pengamatan (monitoring), dan refleksi/ penilaian (reflecting). Lokasi penelitian ini di kecamatan Mapanget Kota Manado, Sulawesi Utara khususnya di bandar udara internasional Sam Ratulangi Manado. Hasil penilitian berupa Mengganti kabel kontrol yang awalnya menggunakan kabel multi wire di tanam di dalam tanah diganti menjadi wireless menggunakan radio link dengan tipe TP-LINK CPE220 Outdoor yang dapat bertahan dari sambaran petir dan mempermudah dalam hal perawatan dan perbaikan.

An Investigative Analysis of Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) Security

Background: The last few decades bring an astonishing revolution in technology and electronics which enabling small pieces of electronic devices into handy equipment, called sensors. The sensors enable 75% area of the world covered by water. Which is hardly 5% been explored and has numerous applications. The security of underwater wireless sensors network (UWNS) communication is a prime concern to protect advantages from technology and application purpose. This paper explores UWSN architecture, vulnerabilities, attacks, and possible factors that challenge UWSN security and its applications. Objectives: The primary objective of this work is to analyze the vulnerable factors that cause security challenges and threats to UWSN applications. This study focuses on the intermediate uplink point of UWSN architecture and evaluates it in three different test cases. This would be beneficial to build a better solution by devising an appropriate scheme in the future. Method: The denial of service (DoS) attack is simulated using ns-3 and Aquasim-ng simulator to determine which factor(s) threatening to the UWSN environment. The simulation is performed under three idealized underwater scenarios; 1) depicts general UWSN (a hybrid architecture), 2) a special case depicts UWSN environment with only underwater components, ands 3) depicts another special case with underwater sink UWSN environment. Assuming all three test case environments are vulnerable and threats to UWSN security. Result: In all three scenarios, the average network performance in the normal transmission is 88% and about ± 3% deviation is observed. Also, it observed that scenarios 1 and 2 are influenced by the adversary interference or malicious activity while there are no such effects that occur in scenario 3 in the absence of intermediate radio link or surface sink node(s). Thus, experiments found that among others, the intermediate radio link(s) of the onshore surface sink(s) or surface buoy(s) are vulnerable and threats to UWSN. Conclusion: The simulation results and observations found that the intermediate up-link in UWSN architecture found to be more vulnerable which makes it insecure. While, in a pure underwater environment, seem to be more secure compared to the general UWSN environment. In the future, more factors will be evaluate in the same or different cases to determine the UWSN issues and other vulnerable factors

IMPROVED ROUTING PROTOCOLS BASED ON RPL FOR FULL IOT-WSN STACK

The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standardized several protocols such as Constraint Application Protocol (CoAP) to run over WSN-IoT constrained devices. IPv6 is used to transmit packets over IEEE802.15.4 radio link called 6LoWPAN. The routing protocol for low power and lossy (RPL) network enable connectivity of WSN over IoT. Nodes in RPL optimized its path using objective function (OF), which depends on different node/link metrics. In this paper, the performance of IoT-WSN stack consisting of CoAP, 6LoWPAN and two proposed protocols based on RPL are evaluated. The two proposed protocols depend on a new OF based on link reliability and energy metric. The first is a modification of recently introduced protocol called Energy Threshold RPL (ETRPL) protocol. ETRPL uses the remaining energy of the preferred parent node as a metric. The other protocol used a new metric that combines energy consumption with ETX for all paths to the root called EERPL. The protocols are tested with full IoT-WSN stack and implemented using Cooja simulator. The results showed that ETRPL and EERPL performed better than standard RPL in terms of the energy consumption, average time delay, packet reception ratio, throughput and the number of dead nodes.

Design Considerations for Over-Water Microwave Radio Links - A Case Study

Arabian Gulf region with its hot, humid and prolonged summer is known to be one of the most challenging environments for radio-wave propagation. Over-the-sea microwave radio links here face degradation and unpredictability in performance due to anomalous propagation, ducting and reflective effects of large water bodies. This paper presents microwave radio link design challenges in an offshore environment and the methods implemented to overcome these challenges in the context of specific project experience in offshore field areas. A baseline design for the links was established initially which was optimized during the course of the project and during on-site implementation. Several design changes to achieve the desired performance were evaluated and implemented in the field. Required microwave link availability and performance objectives were achieved as a result of collaborative efforts between the operating company, contractor and radio manufacturer over a multi-year period. Use of quadruple diversity, optimal selection of frequencies, judicious use of ATPC (Automatic Transmit Power Control) and use of optimal signal polarisation were some of the methods used to achieve the desired link availability and performance. While these are well-known methods in radio engineering, the particular combination(s) employed to realize the desired performance objectives are identified in the paper as a lessons-learnt exercise which can be of wider application in the petroleum industry in the Gulf region. Over-water wideband microwave links are generally considered unreliable in terms of performance for utilization in process control applications involving remote shutdown and other critical operations. However, the links referred to in this paper continue to serve the field control system applications till date.

Investigation of accuracy of rain-rate and rain-attenuation prediction models in satellite communications based on meteorological skills

Rainfall is a major destructive factor which severely reduces the quality and reliability of propagated signals in satellite communications. Hence, rain-attenuation prediction plays a vital role in the satellite radio link planning and engineering. The accuracy of the rain-attenuation prediction models depends on two things; (i) the accuracy of rain-rate information and (ii) the area of study. Therefore, selecting an appropriate rain-attenuation prediction model for a new site without having any specific prediction model and experimental measured rain-rate would be challenging. In this regard, this letter takes advantage of climatology skills to find an accurate model for such kind of areas. To do so, we study the Urmia-site (37.55° N, 45.1° E) and its communication link with the Eutelsat 25A (25.5° E), where there is no available experimental measured data and specific prediction models for that site. Therefore, based on the meteorological skills, the Yong-in site in South-Korea (37.43° N, 126.93° E) was chosen, as a homogeneous area with Urmia, which has available measured data of rainfall and rain-attenuation. Afterward, the most common used global prediction models are applied to Yong-in and the results are compared with the existing measurements. Consequently, the more accurate rain-rate and rain-attenuation prediction models are investigated and generalized to Urmia, which are the ITU-R P.837-5 model with 34% r.m.s. and the Joo-Hwan model with 18% r.m.s., respectively. Finally, the amount of rain-attenuation in different useful frequency bands (10-50 GHz) is investigated for Urmia by the Joo-Hwan model.

Multi-Monostatic Interferometric Radar with Radar Link for Bridge Monitoring

In recent years, interferometric radars have been extensively used as sensors for static and dynamic monitoring of bridges. Generally speaking, a radar can only detect the displacement component along its view direction. As the movement of a real bridge or a large structure can be rather complex, this limitation can be a significant drawback in engineering practice. In order toovercome this limitation, in this article, a multi-monostatic interferometric radar with radio link is proposed. This radar is able to detect a second component of displacement using a transponder. The transponder is connected to the radar through a radio link. The radio link allows the installation of the transponder far away from the radar, and even in the opposite direction. The equipment is based on a MIMO radar, two transceivers for the radio link, and a transponder. The transceivers and the transponder are essentially two antennas and an amplifier system. The equipment is experimentally tested in controlled scenarios and in the case study of Indiano Bridge, Florence, Italy.

Research on TCP Performance Model and Transport Agent Architecture in Broadband Wireless Network

The problems of Internet stability, heterogeneity, fairness of bandwidth sharing among streams, efficiency of use and congestion control have been solved in this article. This paper proposes an improved scheme of TCP proxy acknowledgement based on Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ), which improves throughput, reduces delay and saves uplink bandwidth of wireless link, and is more suitable for future asymmetric networks. The substantial improvement is observed during the experimentation as processing efficiency of protocol. The observed results revealed that overall processing time for each packet is approximately equals to one fourth of the transfer control protocol and the reduction of 59% is also observed in the utility of resources. The protocol also incorporates various simple techniques for the recovery of loss to improve the throughput in noisy wireless conditions. The results show that the adoption of the average diversity combining technology is helpful to improve the throughput and effective factor performance, and can reduce the requirement of radio link protocol (RLP) maximum retransmission times. As nearly 90% of uplink acknowledgement frames are filtered, the uplink bandwidth utilization rate is significantly improved. Decomposing large data frames into small data frames is also helpful to improve system performance.

Experimental evaluation of a linear angular momentum multiplexed radio link for moving platforms

Linear angular momentum multiplexing (LAMM) has recently been proposed for high spectral-efficiency communications between moving platforms, such as between trains and ground infrastructure. We present performance results obtained from a scale experimental system comprising a 2 × 2 antenna system operating at 2.35 GHz. The link transmitted two independent video streams, using RF pre-coding and software-defined radios to modulate and up/down-convert the signals. Linear motion is introduced to demonstrate the translation-invariance of the technique. We interpret the measured data with the aid of an analytical model to show that crosstalk between the two channels is at levels low enough to consistently support the video streams without interruption. Specifically, our results show spectral efficiency is consistently higher when LAMM coding is enabled compared with an uncoded channel.