Autonomous Water Sampling System and Experiment Based on the Unmanned Surface Vehicle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengwei Zhang ◽  
Decai Li ◽  
Yuqing He ◽  
Junfeng Xiong ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Sampling ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Unmanned Surface Vehicle

scholarly journals Remote collection of microorganisms at two depths in a freshwater lake using an unmanned surface vehicle (USV)

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Powers ◽  
Regina Hanlon ◽  
David G. Schmale III
Keyword(s):  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Freshwater Lake ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Water Sampling ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Unmanned Surface Vehicle ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Significant Difference

Microorganisms are ubiquitous in freshwater aquatic environments, but little is known about their abundance, diversity, and transport. We designed and deployed a remote-operated water-sampling system onboard an unmanned surface vehicle (USV, a remote-controlled boat) to collect and characterize microbes in a freshwater lake in Virginia, USA. The USV collected water samples simultaneously at 5 and 50 cm below the surface of the water at three separate locations over three days in October, 2016. These samples were plated on a non-selective medium (TSA) and on a medium selective for the genusPseudomonas(KBC) to estimate concentrations of culturable bacteria in the lake. Mean concentrations ranged from 134 to 407 CFU/mL for microbes cultured on TSA, and from 2 to 8 CFU/mL for microbes cultured on KBC. There was a significant difference in the concentration of microbes cultured on KBC across three sampling locations in the lake (P= 0.027), suggesting an uneven distribution ofPseudomonasacross the locations sampled. There was also a significant difference in concentrations of microbes cultured on TSA across the three sampling days (P= 0.038), demonstrating daily fluctuations in concentrations of culturable bacteria. There was no significant difference in concentrations of microbes cultured on TSA (P= 0.707) and KBC (P= 0.641) across the two depths sampled, suggesting microorganisms were well-mixed between 5 and 50 cm below the surface of the water. About 1 percent (7/720) of the colonies recovered across all four sampling missions were ice nucleation active (ice+) at temperatures warmer than −10 °C. Our work extends traditional manned observations of aquatic environments to unmanned systems, and highlights the potential for USVs to understand the distribution and diversity of microbes within and above freshwater aquatic environments.

Sampling of VOCs with the BAT Ground Water Sampling System

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry S. Mines ◽  
John L. Davidson ◽  
David Bloomquist ◽  
Thomas B. Stauffer
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Sampling ◽  
Sampling System

scholarly journals Development of a 128-channel multi-water-sampling system for underwater platforms and its application to chemical and biological monitoring

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 75-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Okamura ◽  
Takuroh Noguchi ◽  
Mayumi Hatta ◽  
Michinari Sunamura ◽  
Takahiko Suzue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Monitoring ◽  
Water Sampling ◽  
Sampling System

scholarly journals Verification of Automatic Water Sampling System for Chemical Spill Events

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daeho Kang ◽  
Junho Jeon ◽  
Moonhwan Song ◽  
Jinsung Ra
Keyword(s):  
Water Sampling ◽  
Sampling System

scholarly journals Microorganisms Collected from the Surface of Freshwater Lakes Using a Drone Water Sampling System (DOWSE)

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Benson ◽  
Regina Hanlon ◽  
Teresa Seifried ◽  
Philipp Baloh ◽  
Craig Powers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Water Sampling ◽  
Freshwater Lakes ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Sampling Device ◽  
Contour Maps ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Concentrations

New tools and technology are needed to study microorganisms in freshwater environments. Little is known about spatial distribution and ice nucleation activity (INA) of microorganisms in freshwater lakes. We developed a system to collect water samples from the surface of lakes using a 3D-printed sampling device tethered to a drone (DOWSE, DrOne Water Sampling SystEm). The DOWSE was used to collect surface water samples at different distances from the shore (1, 25, and 50 m) at eight different freshwater lakes in Austria in June 2018. Water samples were filtered, and microorganisms were cultured on two different media types, TSA (a general growth medium) and KBC (a medium semi-selective for bacteria in the genus Pseudomonas). Mean concentrations (colony forming units per mL, or CFU/mL) of bacteria cultured on TSA ranged from 19,800 (Wörthersee) to 210,500 (Gosaulacke) CFU/mL, and mean concentrations of bacteria cultured on KBC ranged from 2590 (Ossiachersee) to 11,000 (Vorderer Gosausee) CFU/mL. There was no significant difference in sampling distance from the shore for concentrations of microbes cultured on TSA (p = 0.28). A wireless bathymetry sensor was tethered to the drone to map temperature and depth across the sampling domain of each of the lakes. At the 50 m distance from the shore, temperature ranged from 17 (Hinterer Gosausee, and Gosaulacke) to 26 °C (Wörthersee), and depth ranged from 2.8 (Gosaulacke) to 11.1 m (Grundlsee). Contour maps of concentrations of culturable bacteria across the drone sampling domain revealed areas of high concentrations (hot spots) in some of the lakes. The percentage of ice-nucleation active (ice+) bacteria cultured on KBC ranged from 0% (0/64) (Wörthersee) to 58% (42/72) (Vorderer Gosausee), with a mean of 28% (153/544) for the entire sample set. Future work aims to elucidate the structure and function of entire microbial assemblages within and among the Austrian lakes.

scholarly journals Geophysical methods to support correct water sampling locations for salt dilution gauging

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 5115-5142 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Comina ◽  
M. Lasagna ◽  
D. A. De Luca ◽  
L. Sambuelli
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Water Sampling ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Geophysical Technique ◽  
System Prototype ◽  
Baseline State ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. To improve water management design, particularly in irrigation areas, it is important to evaluate the baseline state of the water resources, including canal discharge. Discharge measurements, using salt dilution gauging, are a traditional and well-documented technique. The complete mixing of salt used for dilution gauging is required for reliable measurements; this condition is difficult to test or verify and, if not fulfilled, is the largest source of uncertainty in the discharge calculation. In this paper, a geophysical technique (FERT, Fast Electrical Resistivity Tomography) is proposed for imaging the distribution of the salt plume used for dilution gauging at every point along a sampling cross-section. In this way, it is possible to check whether complete mixing has occurred. If the mixing is not complete, the image created by FERT can also provide guidance for selecting water-sampling locations in the sampling cross-section. A water multi-sampling system prototype for the simultaneous sampling of canal water at different points within the cross-section, aimed to potentially take into account concentration variability, is also proposed and tested. Preliminary results of a single test with salt dilution gauging and FERT in a real case are reported. The results show that imaging the passage of the salt plume is possible by means of geophysical controls and that this can potentially help in the selection of water sampling points.

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