2D EEG Topography and Spectral Analysis for Monitoring Working Memory Status of Smokers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. S. Sulaiman ◽  
W. Mansor ◽  
S. N. A. Naushad
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Eeg Topography ◽  
Memory Status

scholarly journals Evaluation of Short Term and Working Memory Status in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 668-673
Author(s):  
Kirthick Kumaran A S ◽  
Sridevi G ◽  
Archana Santhanam
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
The Body ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Memory Status

Type 2 diabetes is a disease which is lifelong and which restricts the body from the usage of insulin. Although many problems are associated with diabetes , cognitive function and intellectual capacity are also affected. The study involves participants who were diagnosed with Diabetes type 2 for a period of 5 years before the study. The subject design is an observational study that uses a questionnaire that assesses immediate recall, repetition, and a memory function questionnaire was used to study the memory-related changes in type 2 diabetic . SPSS VERSION 22 was the statistical software equipped in the study, and the statistical test used was a chi-square test. Results revealed that about 50.5% of the population always forget what people say to them, 37.6% of the population sometimes forget what people say to them and 11.9% of the population never forget what people say to them. Speed information processing, working memory and some attention impairment occur during acute hyperglycemia. Subjects also reported reduced energetic arousal and increased anxiety after . Relatively low cognitive function and decreased neuronal activity were relevant to Alzheimer's disease. The study concluded that people with type 2 diabetes are overwhelmingly affected by cognitive and higher intellectual function with decreased short term and working memory status.

scholarly journals Association of duration of type 2 diabetes with short term and working memory

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 4724
Author(s):  
Upneet Bedi ◽  
Bavneet Kaur Dang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Status

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus has deleterious effects on brain resulting in loss of short term memory and working memory in elderly and poorly controlled diabetic patients. Less attention has been given to the effect of diabetes on cognitive functions. Hence, the study was undertaken to study the status of short term and working memory in type 2 diabetes mellitus and to correlate it with the duration of diabetes.Methods: Study was conducted in Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences, Jalandhar, India, on 100 diabetic patients in the age group of 40-60 years. Short term memory and working memory was assessed using 4 memory tests. AVLT and VFT for short term memory and WDST and VST for working memory. The results expressed in average of total scores. One-way ANOVA followed by post hoc (t) test were used for statistical analysis.Results: Short term memory and working memory status was negatively correlated with duration of diabetes. Diabetics more than 55 years showed greater cognitive decline compared to younger age group.Conclusions: The short term and the working memory status decreased significantly in diabetic patients, which may be due to age of onset, duration, vascular dementia, hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia. These effects observed that duration, sex, age and blood glucose levels are of clinical importance as short term and working memory loss could have important practical implications for daily activities.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

The bottleneck may be the solution, not the problem

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnon Lotem ◽  
Oren Kolodny ◽  
Joseph Y. Halpern ◽  
Luca Onnis ◽  
Shimon Edelman
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Recent Theory ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Selection Pressures ◽  
Biological Trait ◽  
Memory Bottleneck

AbstractAs a highly consequential biological trait, a memory “bottleneck” cannot escape selection pressures. It must therefore co-evolve with other cognitive mechanisms rather than act as an independent constraint. Recent theory and an implemented model of language acquisition suggest that a limit on working memory may evolve to help learning. Furthermore, it need not hamper the use of language for communication.

Do Children With Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) Have Difficulties With Interference Control, Visuospatial Working Memory, and Selective Attention? Developmental Patterns and the Role of Severity and Persistence of DLD

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 3036-3050
Author(s):  
Elma Blom ◽  
Tessel Boerma
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Developmental Language Disorder ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory ◽  
Interference Control ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Search Tasks ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Many children with developmental language disorder (DLD) have weaknesses in executive functioning (EF), specifically in tasks testing interference control and working memory. It is unknown how EF develops in children with DLD, if EF abilities are related to DLD severity and persistence, and if EF weaknesses expand to selective attention. This study aimed to address these gaps. Method Data from 78 children with DLD and 39 typically developing (TD) children were collected at three times with 1-year intervals. At Time 1, the children were 5 or 6 years old. Flanker, Dot Matrix, and Sky Search tasks tested interference control, visuospatial working memory, and selective attention, respectively. DLD severity was based on children's language ability. DLD persistence was based on stability of the DLD diagnosis. Results Performance on all tasks improved in both groups. TD children outperformed children with DLD on interference control. No differences were found for visuospatial working memory and selective attention. An interference control gap between the DLD and TD groups emerged between Time 1 and Time 2. Severity and persistence of DLD were related to interference control and working memory; the impact on working memory was stronger. Selective attention was unrelated to DLD severity and persistence. Conclusions Age and DLD severity and persistence determine whether or not children with DLD show EF weaknesses. Interference control is most clearly impaired in children with DLD who are 6 years and older. Visuospatial working memory is impaired in children with severe and persistent DLD. Selective attention is spared.

Working, Declarative, and Procedural Memory in Children With Developmental Language Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 4162-4178
Author(s):  
Emily Jackson ◽  
Suze Leitão ◽  
Mary Claessen ◽  
Mark Boyes
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Procedural Memory ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Spatial

Purpose Previous research into the working, declarative, and procedural memory systems in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) has yielded inconsistent results. The purpose of this research was to profile these memory systems in children with DLD and their typically developing peers. Method One hundred four 5- to 8-year-old children participated in the study. Fifty had DLD, and 54 were typically developing. Aspects of the working memory system (verbal short-term memory, verbal working memory, and visual–spatial short-term memory) were assessed using a nonword repetition test and subtests from the Working Memory Test Battery for Children. Verbal and visual–spatial declarative memory were measured using the Children's Memory Scale, and an audiovisual serial reaction time task was used to evaluate procedural memory. Results The children with DLD demonstrated significant impairments in verbal short-term and working memory, visual–spatial short-term memory, verbal declarative memory, and procedural memory. However, verbal declarative memory and procedural memory were no longer impaired after controlling for working memory and nonverbal IQ. Declarative memory for visual–spatial information was unimpaired. Conclusions These findings indicate that children with DLD have deficits in the working memory system. While verbal declarative memory and procedural memory also appear to be impaired, these deficits could largely be accounted for by working memory skills. The results have implications for our understanding of the cognitive processes underlying language impairment in the DLD population; however, further investigation of the relationships between the memory systems is required using tasks that measure learning over long-term intervals. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13250180

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