scholarly journals Evaluation of Short Term and Working Memory Status in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 668-673
Author(s):  
Kirthick Kumaran A S ◽  
Sridevi G ◽  
Archana Santhanam
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
The Body ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Memory Status

Type 2 diabetes is a disease which is lifelong and which restricts the body from the usage of insulin. Although many problems are associated with diabetes , cognitive function and intellectual capacity are also affected. The study involves participants who were diagnosed with Diabetes type 2 for a period of 5 years before the study. The subject design is an observational study that uses a questionnaire that assesses immediate recall, repetition, and a memory function questionnaire was used to study the memory-related changes in type 2 diabetic . SPSS VERSION 22 was the statistical software equipped in the study, and the statistical test used was a chi-square test. Results revealed that about 50.5% of the population always forget what people say to them, 37.6% of the population sometimes forget what people say to them and 11.9% of the population never forget what people say to them. Speed information processing, working memory and some attention impairment occur during acute hyperglycemia. Subjects also reported reduced energetic arousal and increased anxiety after . Relatively low cognitive function and decreased neuronal activity were relevant to Alzheimer's disease. The study concluded that people with type 2 diabetes are overwhelmingly affected by cognitive and higher intellectual function with decreased short term and working memory status.

scholarly journals Association of duration of type 2 diabetes with short term and working memory

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 4724
Author(s):  
Upneet Bedi ◽  
Bavneet Kaur Dang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Status

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus has deleterious effects on brain resulting in loss of short term memory and working memory in elderly and poorly controlled diabetic patients. Less attention has been given to the effect of diabetes on cognitive functions. Hence, the study was undertaken to study the status of short term and working memory in type 2 diabetes mellitus and to correlate it with the duration of diabetes.Methods: Study was conducted in Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences, Jalandhar, India, on 100 diabetic patients in the age group of 40-60 years. Short term memory and working memory was assessed using 4 memory tests. AVLT and VFT for short term memory and WDST and VST for working memory. The results expressed in average of total scores. One-way ANOVA followed by post hoc (t) test were used for statistical analysis.Results: Short term memory and working memory status was negatively correlated with duration of diabetes. Diabetics more than 55 years showed greater cognitive decline compared to younger age group.Conclusions: The short term and the working memory status decreased significantly in diabetic patients, which may be due to age of onset, duration, vascular dementia, hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia. These effects observed that duration, sex, age and blood glucose levels are of clinical importance as short term and working memory loss could have important practical implications for daily activities.

Comorbidities and Diabetes Type 2

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-61
Author(s):  
Chinedu I. Ossai ◽  
Nilmini Wickramasinghe ◽  
Steven Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Logit Model ◽  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Very High

The prevalence of diabetes type 2 among the population and the increasing rate of new diagnoses as well as other co-morbidities make it imperative that we develop a richer understanding of type 2 diabetes. An Australian survey of diabetes type 2 people for different co-morbidities was carried out to obtain information about the possible connections of the co-morbidities with type 2 diabetes. The analysis is done with the logit model and Pearson's chi-square and the results indicate that gender, age of the patients, and the duration of the diabetes type 2 diagnosis play a significant role in the exposure of individuals to different comorbidities. The influence of the duration of diagnosis and age of the patients is limited in comparison to the gender, which has females at a very high risk of developing the studied co-morbidities compared to males. The findings can improve diabetes type 2 management to boost high quality, proactive, and cost-effective caregiving for the patients.

Severity of Type 2 Diabetes, Cognitive Function, and Self-Care

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 540-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia K. Gatlin ◽  
K.C. Insel
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
The Self ◽  
Prescription Medications ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Cognitive Assessments

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with poorer performance on certain measures of cognitive function. However, little is known about the associations among working memory (WM), executive function (EF), and self-care in those with severe T2DM. This investigation explored these relationships among 67 middle-aged and older individuals with T2DM (mean age of 62.9 years). Severity of T2DM was measured with a health status composite (HSC) score from the Diabetes Care Profile, the number of prescribed medications, and the number of comorbid conditions. Cognitive assessments included the Working Memory Index and the Executive Interview 25 (EXIT 25). Self-care was measured using the Self-Care Inventory–Revised (SCI-R) and hemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c). WM was significantly correlated with all measures of severity of T2DM (HSC, r = .542, p < . 01; number of comorbidities, r = −.476, p < .01; and number of prescription medications, r = −.344, p < .01). EF was significantly correlated with all measures of severity of T2DM (HSC, r = −.504, p < .01; number of comorbidities, r = .492, p < .01; and number of prescription medications, r = .326, p < .01). The self-care measure HgbA1c was significantly correlated with WM ( r = −.352, p < .01) and EF ( r = .510, p < .01). The EXIT 25 score fully mediated the relationship between severity of T2DM and self-care as measured by HgbA1c (β = .431, p < .001). These findings provide preliminary evidence for the associations among severity of T2DM, WM, EF, and self-care.

scholarly journals Altered Hippocampal Subfields Volumes Is Associated With Memory Function in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingrui Li ◽  
Yifan Li ◽  
Yujie Liu ◽  
Haoming Huang ◽  
Xi Leng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Hippocampal Subfields

Objective: Cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is related to changes in hippocampal structure and function. However, the alternation of hippocampal subfields volumes and their relationship with cognitive function are unclear. This study explored morphological alterations in the hippocampus and its subfields in T2DM patients and their relationship with cognitive function.Methods: Thirty T2DM patients and 20 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited and underwent 3-dimensional, high-resolution T1-weighted sequence (3D-T1) and a battery of cognitive tests. Freesurfer 6.0 was performed to segment the hippocampus into 12 subregions automatically. Then relationships between hippocampal subfield volumes and neurocognitive scale scores in the T2DM group were evaluated.Results: Immediate memory scores on the auditory verbal learning test (AVLT) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores in T2DM patients were lower than in the HCs. T2DM patients showed that volumes of the bilateral hippocampus were significantly reduced, mainly in the bilateral molecular layer, granule cell and molecular layer of the dentate gyrus (GC-ML-DG), cornu ammonis 4 (CA4), fimbria, and left subiculum and the right hippocampus amygdala transition area (HATA) compared to HCs. In addition, T2DM patients showed the FINS was negatively correlated with volume of left GC-ML-DG (r = −0.415, P = 0.035) and left CA4 (r = −0.489, P = 0.011); the FBG was negatively correlated with volume of right fimbria (r = −0.460, P = 0.018); the HOMA-IR was negatively correlated with volume of left GC-ML-DG (r = −0.367, P = 0.046) and left CA4(r = 0.462, P = 0.010). Partial correlation analysis found that the volume of right HATA in T2DM group was positively correlated with AVLT (immediate) scores (r = 0.427, P = 0.03).Conclusion: This study showed the volumes of multiple hippocampal subfields decreased and they were correlated with FINS, FBG and HOMA-IR in T2DM patients. We hypothesized that decreased hippocampal subfields volumes in T2DM patients was related to insulin resistance and impaired vascular function. In addition, we also found that abnormal hippocampal subfields volumes were related to memory function in T2DM patients, suggesting that reduced volumes in specific hippocampal subfields may be the potential mechanism of memory dysfunction in these patients.

HUBUNGAN KEPATUHAN PENGGUNAAN OBAT ANTIDIABETES DENGAN KEBERHASILAN TERAPI PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 RAWATJALAN DI POLIKLINIK PENYAKIT DALAM RSUD EMBUNG FATIMAH BATAM 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Bratasena Silalahi ◽  
Nopri Esmeralda
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antidiabetic Drugs ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease, with the condition that glucose levels in the blood exceed normal limits. This is because the body cannot release or use insulin adequately. Insulin is a hormone released by the pancreas and is the main substance responsible for maintaining blood sugar levels in the body to remain in a balanced condition. Insulin functions as a tool that helps sugar move into cells so that it can produce energy or be stored as energy reserves. The purpose of this study was to determine the Correlation between the Compliance of the Use of Antidiabetic Drugs and the Success of Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Outpatient in the Internal Medicine Polyclinic of Embung Fatimah Hospital in Batam 2018.Method: This type of research is an observational analytic cross-sectional study design. The number of samples is 40 people. Data collection techniques by giving questionnaires about compliance and medical record data of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Univariate analysis is presented in the frequency distribution table and bivariate analysis using chi-square with the SPSS system.Results: The results of a study with a sample of 40 patients, showed more than half of patients (62.5%), had high adherence and more than half of patients (62.5%), successful treatment success. Chi-Square analysis results obtained p.value = 0.041 where p is smaller than the significance level (α) = 5% (0.05). Ho rejected, which means there is a significant relationship between compliance with the use of antidiabetic drugs with the success of therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatient in the Internal Medicine Polyclinic at Embung Fatimah Hospital in Batam 2018.Conclusion: Based on this study it was concluded that there was a Compliance Relationship between the Use of Antidiabetic Drugs and the Success of Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Outpatient in the Internal Medicine Polyclinic at Embung Fatimah Hospital in Batam 2018.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PENYAKIT DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 PADA PASIEN DI RUMAH SAKIT GRANDMED LUBUK PAKAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-176
Author(s):  
Reno Irwanto ◽  
Annisa Febriana Siregar ◽  
Keleng Ate Ginting ◽  
Feberlian Ndruru
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education

Diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 is a type of DM which is caused by the inability of the body to process glucose into the body which eventually causes an increase in glucose in the blood. Type 2 diabetes occurs because the amount of the hormone insulin is insufficient for glucose metabolism or decreased body sensitivity to the amount of blood glucose. There are many things that cause type 2 diabetes, including poor diet, lack of physical activity, obesity, heredity, increasing age and a history of type 3 diabetes (gestational). This study was conducted on 50 respondents at the Grandmed Lubuk Pakam hospital with a cross sectional study design and the respondents were selected by purposive sampling technique. The relationship factors seen in this study were age, gender, level of education, occupation, level of education, level of physical activity, smoking, obesity and diet. The results of the research obtained through the questionnaire were tested with the chi-square formula (X2) at the 5% real level. The results showed the distribution of respondents' occupation with 28% of respondents working as civil servants, 22% were retirees and 18% were private workers. The distribution of the respondents' physical activity consists of 3 levels, namely high, medium and low with percentage values ​​of 26%, 22%, and 52%, respectively. The distribution of the respondents' weight group was found that 18% of the respondents were underweight, 46% were normal, and 36% were obese. The test results showed the distribution of the respondent's diet in 2 groups, namely healthy and unhealthy with the percentage of the unhealthy group 66% and 34% healthy. and the distribution of respondents' smoking levels consisted of heavy, moderate, mild and non-smoking with percentage values ​​of 26%, 22%, 12%, and 40%, respectively.

scholarly journals Association of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) level with working memory on type-2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetic patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 909
Author(s):  
Muhammad Gandhi Sastrawan ◽  
Hasan Sjahrir ◽  
Kiki Mohammad Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Deleterious effects of diabetic glucose levels on brain structure, have been reported in many studies. Moreover, prediabetic and type-2 diabetes mellitus are associated with lower cognitive function. Author aimed to discover the association of blood glucose and working memory on type 2 diabetic and prediabetic patients.Methods: In this cross-sectional study there are two groups (diabetic and prediabetic) consist of 30 patients each (men 31, women 29). Mean age 40.233±7.862. Blood glucose was measured with HbA1c. All patients were tested with MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination), forward digit span, and backward digit span.Results: There was no difference between diabetic and prediabetic group in MMSE (p 1.000). In diabetic group, mean LDSF (Longest Digit Span Forward) was 5.700±0.877 and there was relation between HbA1c and LDSF (r -0.604). In prediabetic group, mean LDSF was 6.233±0.858 and there was relation between HbA1c and LDSF (r -0.565). There was significant difference between those groups in LDSF (p 0.041). In diabetic group mean LDSB (Longest Digit Span Backward) was 3.767±0.817 and there was relation between HbA1c and LDSB (r -0.545). In prediabetic group, mean LDSB was 4.300±0.750 and there was relation between HbA1c and LDSB (r -0.575). There was significant difference between those groups in LDSB (p 0.024).Conclusions: Results indicated that there was significant difference between diabetic and prediabetic patient in working memory test although there was no difference in general cognitive function.

scholarly journals LAMA MENDERITA DAN KONTROL GLIKEMIK BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PENURUNAN FUNGSI KOGNITIF PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-501
Author(s):  
Syalfa Luthfira Nugroho ◽  
Wirawan Anggorotomo ◽  
Rakhmi Rafie
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Background : Diabetes Mellitus can cause the  risk of decline in cognitive function. Long suffering and ncontrolled glycemic control associated with chronic hyperglycemia that can change the function and microvascular structure of the central nervous system so that it can lead to decline of cognitive function.  Objective : This study aims to determine the relationship between the long-suffering and glycemic control with the decline of cognitive function in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the health center Sriwijaya Mataram Central Lampung  in 2021. Methods: This study used an analytical research design with cross sectional approach. The population used was all patients diagnosed with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the health center Sriwijaya Mataram Central Lampung. The sample in this study amounted to 71 people who were taken with total sampling technique. Measuring instruments used were the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). The statistical test used was Chi Square test. Results : There is a relationship between the long-suffering (p value 0.000) and glycemic control (p value 0.000) with a decrease in cognitive function in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Conclusion : There is a relationship between the long-suffering and glycemic control with the decline of cognitive function in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Suggestion can detect a decline in cognitive function so as to improve the quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and education related to complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus is necessary. Keywords : Long-Suffering, Glycemic Control, Cognitive Function.          ABSTRAK Latar Belakang : Diabetes Melitus dapat menyebabkan resiko penurunan fungsi kognitif. Lama menderita dan kontrol glikemik tidak terkontrol berkaitan dengan keadaan hiperglikemia kronik yang dapat mengubah fungsi serta struktur mikrovaskular pada sistem saraf pusat sehingga dapat menyebabkan penurunan fungsi kognitif. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara lama menderita dan kontrol glikemik dengan penurunan fungsi kognitif pada pasien Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 di Puskesmas Sriwijaya Mataram Lampung Tengah tahun 2021.Metode  : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi yang digunakan adalah semua pasien yang didiagnosis Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 di Puskesmas Sriwijaya Mataram Lampung Tengah. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 71 orang yang diambil dengan teknik total sampling. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji Chi Square. Hasil: Terdapat hubungan antara lama menderita (p value 0.000) dan kontrol glikemik (p value 0.000) dengan penurunan fungsi kognitif pada pasien Diabetes Melitus tipe 2.Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan antara lama menderita dan kontrol glikemik dengan penurunan fungsi kognitif pada pasien Diabetes Melitus tipe 2.Saran dapat mendeteksi penurunan fungsi kognitif sehingga dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup pada pasien Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 serta perlu dilakukan edukasi terkait dengan komplikasi Diabetes Melitus tipe 2. Kata Kunci : Lama Menderita, Kontrol Glikemik, Fungsi Kognitif. 

Short-Term Effects of Improved Glycemic Control on Cognitive Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Gerontology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Hewer ◽  
M. Mussell ◽  
F. Rist ◽  
B. Kulzer ◽  
K. Bergis
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Effects
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