Author(s):  
Hongxin Zhang ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Shaowei Ma ◽  
Hanghang Jiang ◽  
Hongyu Wang

Background: In order to enable robots to complete complex tasks, robots are required to have higher intelligence and adaptability. RVSC (Robot Visual Servo Control) is an organic combination of machine vision and servo control and is a complex system with strong coupling and nonlinearity, which improves the performance of robots and provides feasible solutions for solving practical problems in many fields. Objective: To review the latest development of RVSC methods and provide references for researchers in related fields. Methods: RVSC related patents and literatures were analyzed from the aspects of the algorithm, innovation and application. In addition, the typical RVSC methods are summarized. Results: This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various methods in many patents and literatures. Moreover, the typical applications, potential problems and future development directions of this field is put forward. Conclusion: RVSC has better performance than traditional control methods. In addition, it can also be combined with some algorithms or knowledge to further improve performance. But, the further improvements of RVSC are needed in the following areas: the convenience of operation, the optimization of trajectory planning, the combination of multiple sensors, etc. Furthermore, more patents of the RVSC also should be invented.


Author(s):  
J.N. Ramsey ◽  
D.P. Cameron ◽  
F.W. Schneider

As computer components become smaller the analytical methods used to examine them and the material handling techniques must become more sensitive, and more sophisticated. We have used microbulldozing and microchiseling in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy, replica electron microscopy, and microprobe analysis for studying actual and potential problems with developmental and pilot line devices. Foreign matter, corrosion, etc, in specific locations are mechanically loosened from their substrates and removed by “extraction replication,” and examined in the appropriate instrument. The mechanical loosening is done in a controlled manner by using a microhardness tester—we use the attachment designed for our Reichert metallograph. The working tool is a pyramid shaped diamond (a Knoop indenter) which can be pushed into the specimen with a controlled pressure and in a specific location.


1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Baumgart

SummaryThe so-called “mixing” of implants and instruments from different producers entertain certain risks.The use of standardized implant materials (e.g. stainless steel ISO 5832/1) from different producers is necessary but is not sufficient to justify the use of an osteosynthesis plate from one source and a bone screw from another.The design, dimensions, tolerances, manufacturing procedure, quality controls, and application technique of the instruments and implants also vary according to make. This can lead to damage, failure or fracture of the biomechanical system called “osteosynthesis” and hence the failure of the treatment undertaken. In the end, it is the patient who pays for these problems.Some examples also illustrate the potential problems for the staff and institutions involved.The use of a unique, consistent, well-tested, and approved set of implants and instruments is to be strongly recommended to avoid any additional risk.


2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-285
Author(s):  
Jill Philine Blau

Research has shown that pastoralism and the management of the commons are connected (Bollig and Lesogorol 2016). In this article I discuss how the concept of variability, which emerged from discussions of dryland ecologies in the 1980s (Homewood 2008), can inform and enhance research on the commons and vice versa. Research on the commons can further elucidate the understanding of pastoralist practices. I conclude with reflections drawn from some empirical examples in the literature, the use of the socio-ecological systems (SES) framework, and discuss the benefits and potential problems when applied to heterogeneous and flexible pastoralist practices and to the pastoral management of the commons.


2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chen ◽  
D. M. Dason ◽  
W. E. Dixon ◽  
V. K. Chitrakaran

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Kinney

SYNOPSIS This Commentary is intended to help beginning Ph.D. students identify, evaluate, and communicate essential components of proposed empirical accounting research using a three-step process. The first step is a structured top-down approach of writing answers to three related questions—What, Why, How—that emphasize the central role of conceptual thinking in research design, as well as practical relevance. The second step is a predictive validity assessment that anticipates concerns likely to arise in the scholarly review process, and the third is consideration of the likely outcome and potential problems to be encountered if the proposal is implemented as planned. First-hand accounts of Ph.D. student experiences using the three paragraphs and three-step approach are presented, along with an exercise that beginners can use to help themselves identify, analyze, and anticipate problems to improve chances for research success ex ante.


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