Commons Research and Pastoralism in the Context of Variability

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-285
Author(s):  
Jill Philine Blau
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Pastoral Management ◽  
The Commons

Research has shown that pastoralism and the management of the commons are connected (Bollig and Lesogorol 2016). In this article I discuss how the concept of variability, which emerged from discussions of dryland ecologies in the 1980s (Homewood 2008), can inform and enhance research on the commons and vice versa. Research on the commons can further elucidate the understanding of pastoralist practices. I conclude with reflections drawn from some empirical examples in the literature, the use of the socio-ecological systems (SES) framework, and discuss the benefits and potential problems when applied to heterogeneous and flexible pastoralist practices and to the pastoral management of the commons.

Social-Ecological Systems in Local Fisheries Communities

2019 ◽  
pp. 304-314
Author(s):  
George O. Tsobanoglou ◽  
Eirini Ioanna Vlachopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Local Conservation ◽  
Social Ecological Systems ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Systems Framework

Even though the study of the commons has been expanding rapidly in the past years, and there have been multiple cases of successful local conservation initiatives, still, significant gaps in knowledge remain. The Social-Ecological Systems framework attempts to analyse the linkages between the “human system” (society) and the “natural system” (ecosystems). In every conservation attempt, the interactions and feedback between the two systems become evident. By examining thoroughly this relationship through the SES lens, we can develop a deep and holistic understanding of the processes that should be taken into consideration before the implementation of conservation actions. This study, through the exploration of the fisheries management procedures in Japan, attempts to develop an understanding of how the adoption of the Social-Ecological Systems approach could promote local development in the insular periphery of the developed world, in countries like Greece, where public participation in the decision-making processes is limited.

Social-Ecological Systems in Local Fisheries Communities

2017 ◽  
pp. 306-316
Author(s):  
George O. Tsobanoglou ◽  
Eirini Ioanna Vlachopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Local Conservation ◽  
Social Ecological Systems ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Systems Framework

Even though the study of the commons has been expanding rapidly in the past years, and there have been multiple cases of successful local conservation initiatives, still, significant gaps in knowledge remain. The Social-Ecological Systems framework attempts to analyse the linkages between the “human system” (society) and the “natural system” (ecosystems). In every conservation attempt, the interactions and feedback between the two systems become evident. By examining thoroughly this relationship through the SES lens, we can develop a deep and holistic understanding of the processes that should be taken into consideration before the implementation of conservation actions. This study, through the exploration of the fisheries management procedures in Japan, attempts to develop an understanding of how the adoption of the Social-Ecological Systems approach could promote local development in the insular periphery of the developed world, in countries like Greece, where public participation in the decision-making processes is limited.

scholarly journals Behavioural patterns behind the demise of the commons across different cultures

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 201026
Author(s):  
M. Jusup ◽  
F. Maciel-Cardoso ◽  
C. Gracia-Lázaro ◽  
C. Liu ◽  
Z. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Dilemma ◽  
Common Pool Resources ◽  
Maximum Sustainable Yield ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Sustainable Yield ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Resource State

Common-pool resources require a dose of self-restraint to ensure sustainable exploitation, but this has often proven elusive in practice. To understand why, and characterize behaviours towards ecological systems in general, we devised a social dilemma experiment in which participants gain profit from harvesting a virtual forest vulnerable to overexploitation. Out of 16 Chinese and 15 Spanish player groups, only one group from each country converged to the forest’s maximum sustainable yield. All other groups were overzealous, with about half of them surpassing or on the way to surpass a no-recovery threshold. Computational–statistical analyses attribute such outcomes to an interplay between three prominent player behaviours, two of which are subject to decision-making ‘inertia’ that causes near blindness to the resource state. These behaviours, being equally pervasive among players from both nations, imply that the commons fall victim to behavioural patterns robust to confounding factors such as age, education and culture.

A Community Ambience

Resonance ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-263
Author(s):  
Nicholas Burman
Keyword(s):  
Affect Theory ◽  
Sound Studies ◽  
Sound Art ◽  
Performance Tuning ◽  
Public Performance ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Micropolitical Theory ◽  
The Way

This paper analyzes sound-oriented public performance Tuning In—the neighborhood, a project by Tao G. Vrhovec Sambolec, which took place in Amsterdam in May 2019. Through a combination of micropolitical theory and consideration of the (sound) art heritage that Tuning In is part of, the term ambience is transformed into a concept that helps one make sense of the way sound and place combine to effect one’s comprehension of the space they are in. Weaving in and out of the event in question while drawing on descriptions of the contemporary, sound studies, the philosophy of community, and affect theory, this article concludes by recognizing Tuning In as a sonic apparition of a communal spirit. It argues that this was an event in which one could find an amplification of an altermodernity rooted in the commons and the anti-neoliberal. Through a historically rooted understanding of the community that made itself heard during this event, Tuning In is presented as a vibrational amplification of the sort of community that is at threat in a gentrifying city. While also highlighting the potential problems arising from community making, such as the exclusion of certain bodies, this paper argues that a community must have the space within which it can “tune in” to itself and produce its own ambience.

scholarly journals Imachi Nkwu: Trade and the Commons

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Fenske
Keyword(s):  
Private Property ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Court Records ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
Social Ecological Systems ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Private Rights ◽  
Civil Suit ◽  
The Commons

The conventional view is that an increase in the value of a natural resource can lead to private property over it. Many Igbo groups in Nigeria, however, curtailed private rights over palm trees in response to the palm produce trade of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. I use the Ostrom (2007, 2009) framework for analyzing social-ecological systems to guide the construction of a model of this transition. An increase in the resource price leads the owner to prefer communal harvesting, which simplifies monitoring against theft. I support this framework with evidence from colonial court records. “Palm cutting always cause palaver.” Obuba of Ububa, Nkwo Udara Civil Suit 111/37

Book Reviews

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 602-604
Keyword(s):  
Associate Professor ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Dartmouth College ◽  
The Political ◽  
Fisheries Governance ◽  
Leverage Points ◽  
Social Ecological Systems ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Commons

Rögnvaldur Hannesson of Norwegian School of Economics reviews “Beyond the Tragedy in Global Fisheries,” by D. G. Webster. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “[1] Describes how the political economy of fisheries evolved and highlights key patterns and leverage points that are linked to sustainable transitions in specific fisheries, extending the analysis beyond the” “tragedy of the commons” to examine social-ecological systems and fisheries governance. [TOC] Discusses the economics of expansion; exploration; investment and innovation; opening new markets; the politics of response; exclusion; expansionary measures; conservation measures; countervailing forces; and the management treadmill. [back flap] Webster is Associate Professor in the Environmental Studies Program at Dartmouth College.”

Microbulldozing and Microchiseling

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 134-135
Author(s):  
J.N. Ramsey ◽  
D.P. Cameron ◽  
F.W. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Material Handling ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Foreign Matter ◽  
Specific Location ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Knoop Indenter ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Microhardness Tester

As computer components become smaller the analytical methods used to examine them and the material handling techniques must become more sensitive, and more sophisticated. We have used microbulldozing and microchiseling in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy, replica electron microscopy, and microprobe analysis for studying actual and potential problems with developmental and pilot line devices. Foreign matter, corrosion, etc, in specific locations are mechanically loosened from their substrates and removed by “extraction replication,” and examined in the appropriate instrument. The mechanical loosening is done in a controlled manner by using a microhardness tester—we use the attachment designed for our Reichert metallograph. The working tool is a pyramid shaped diamond (a Knoop indenter) which can be pushed into the specimen with a controlled pressure and in a specific location.

"Once? No. Twenty times? Sure!" Repeated decisions and uncertainty in the tragedy of the commons

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Hardisty ◽  
Howard Kunreuther ◽  
David H. Krantz ◽  
Poonam Arora
Keyword(s):  
Tragedy Of The Commons ◽  
The Commons
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