Analysis of skin-temperature variability compared to variability of blood pressure and heart rate

Reports of cardiovascular responses to head-stand posture are lacking in literature. The results of the various responses, respectively, to the supine, erect, and head-stand posture, are as follows: heart rate/min 67, 84, and 69; brachial arterial pressure mm Hg 92, 90, and 108; posterior tibial arterial pressure mm Hg 98, 196, and 10; finger blood flow ml/100 ml min 4.5, 4.4, and 5.2; toe blood flow ml/100 ml min 7.1, 8.1, and 3.4; forehead skin temperature C 34.4, 34.0 and 34.3; dorsum foot skin temperature C 28.6, 28.2, and 28.2. It is inferred that the high-pressure-capacity vessels between the heart level and posterior tibial artery have little nervous control. The high-pressure baroreceptors take active part in postural adjustments of circulation. The blood pressure equating mechanism is not as efficient when vital tissues are pooled with blood as when blood supply to them is reduced. man; heart rate; blood flow; skin temperature Submitted on January 3, 1963

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Effects of caffeine on blood pressure, heart rate, and forearm blood flow during dynamic leg exercise

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1998.85.1.154 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 85 (1) ◽

pp. 154-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Jason W. Daniels ◽

Paul A. Molé ◽

James D. Shaffrath ◽

Charles L. Stebbins

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Skin Temperature ◽

Rectal Temperature ◽

Forearm Blood Flow ◽

Dynamic Exercise ◽

Ang Ii ◽

Leg Exercise

This study examined the acute effects of caffeine on the cardiovascular system during dynamic leg exercise. Ten trained, caffeine-naive cyclists (7 women and 3 men) were studied at rest and during bicycle ergometry before and after the ingestion of 6 mg/kg caffeine or 6 mg/kg fructose (placebo) with 250 ml of water. After consumption of caffeine or placebo, subjects either rested for 100 min (rest protocol) or rested for 45 min followed by 55 min of cycle ergometry at 65% of maximal oxygen consumption (exercise protocol). Measurement of mean arterial pressure (MAP), forearm blood flow (FBF), heart rate, skin temperature, and rectal temperature and calculation of forearm vascular conductance (FVC) were made at baseline and at 20-min intervals. Plasma ANG II was measured at baseline and at 60 min postingestion in the two exercise protocols. Before exercise, caffeine increased both systolic blood pressure (17%) and MAP (11%) without affecting FBF or FVC. During dynamic exercise, caffeine attenuated the increase in FBF (53%) and FVC (50%) and accentuated exercise-induced increases in ANG II (44%). Systolic blood pressure and MAP were also higher during exercise plus caffeine; however, these increases were secondary to the effects of caffeine on resting blood pressure. No significant differences were observed in heart rate, skin temperature, or rectal temperature. These findings indicate that caffeine can alter the cardiovascular response to dynamic exercise in a manner that may modify regional blood flow and conductance.

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The Diurnal Pattern of Salivary Flow in Normal and Depressed Patients

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.111.473.334 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 111 (473) ◽

pp. 334-338 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

G. Palmai ◽

B. Blackwell

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Skin Temperature ◽

Prognostic Value ◽

Autonomic Function ◽

Salivary Flow ◽

Salivary Secretion ◽

Diurnal Pattern ◽

Theoretical Assumptions

Attempts to correlate diagnosis or prognosis in depression with metabolic or autonomic parameters have been largely unsuccessful. Although electrolyte fluctuations coincide with some cyclical psychoses (Rey, 1957) these may be causal or incidental and their endocrine origin is undefined. Similar difficulties are inherent in studies of autonomic function (Martin, 1960) which have included observations on skin temperature and resistance (G.S.R.), heart rate, pupil reactions and muscle potentials. Much interest has focused on the blood pressure, and the Funkenstein test has emphasized the difficulties of this research. After widespread study and application, its prognostic value, the reliability of its measurements and the basic theoretical assumptions are now largely discredited (Rose, 1962). In the search for reliable objective criteria to evaluate or explain the phenomena of mental illness salivary secretion may prove of considerable value.

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Influence of tobacco smoking on the origin of thromboangeitis obliterans

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kazmj76663 ◽

1934 ◽

Vol 30 (11-12) ◽

pp. 1208-1208

Author(s):

W. G. Maddock ◽

F. А. Сoller

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Skin Temperature ◽

Tobacco Smoking ◽

Peripheral Vasoconstriction

The authors note that smoking tobacco causes an increase in blood pressure and heart rate and a decrease in skin temperature in the fingers and toes due to increased peripheral vasoconstriction. The authors confirm these findings with experimental observations.

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Cardiovascular Stress during the Rapid-Smoking Procedure

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1976.39.2.371 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 371-375 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

George W. Hynd ◽

Mark O'Neal ◽

Herbert H. Severson

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Skin Temperature ◽

Ethical Issue ◽

Cardiovascular Stress

The effect of the rapid-smoking procedure on heart rate, blood pressure, and peripheral skin temperature as a measure of vasoconstriction was assessed for 6 women and 4 men who participated in a week long clinic. An analysis of heart rate, blood pressure, and skin temperature taken before, during, and after the procedure yielded a statistically significant effect across all three measures. The results are discussed in terms of their significance when compared to normal cigarette smoking and as they relate to the ethical issue raised in recommending this procedure based on these results.

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Cardiovascular responses to noxious radiant heat in anesthetized cats

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1983.245.4.r576 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 245 (4) ◽

pp. R576-R580 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. E. Abram ◽

D. R. Kostreva ◽

F. A. Hopp ◽

J. P. Kampine

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Skin Temperature ◽

Tibial Nerve ◽

Cardiovascular Responses ◽

Radiant Heat ◽

Systemic Blood Pressure ◽

Nerve Activity ◽

Hind Footpad ◽

Somatosympathetic Reflex

The responses of heart rate and blood pressure to noxious radiant heat were studied in seven pentobarbital-anesthetized cats. Afferent activity recorded from the tibial nerve, systemic blood pressure, and heart rate were monitored as skin temperature of the hind footpad was raised to 53 degrees C for 20 s using radiant heat. The averaged tibial afferent nerve activity increased markedly as skin temperature approached 52 degrees C. Within 2-3 s of the onset of increased tibial nerve activity, systolic blood pressure increased an average of 32 mmHg and heart rate increased an average of 16 beats/min in the seven animals that were studied. The results of this study provide evidence for a somatosympathetic reflex that is initiated by cutaneous nociceptors. Under pentobarbital anesthesia, an increase in heart rate and blood pressure appears to be a reliable indicator of nociceptor activation.

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Physiological adjustments of young mean to five-hour desert walks

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1976.40.2.236 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 236-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. B. Dill ◽

L. F. Soholt ◽

I. B. Oddershede

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Body Weight ◽

Metabolic Rate ◽

Skin Temperature ◽

Temperature Regulation ◽

Tap Water ◽

Physiological Adjustments ◽

Subjective Reports ◽

Cardiovascular Adjustment

Seven young men undertook a desert walk of 30 km at a rate of 100 m/min. Six finished; the seventh stopped after 24 km. Each satisfied his thirst with cool tap water each hour. Periodic observations included metabolic rate, blood pressure, heart rate, rectal and skin temperature, body weight, and volume of water drunk. Hand sweat was collected each hour and body sweat residues on the skin were collected at the end of the walk. Subjective reports revealed portents of breakdown: aching muscles, painful joints, hot or blistered feet, hunger, and boredom. Cardiovascular adjustment and temperature regulation maintained tolerable conditions. The volumes of water evaporated by the 5-h walkers were about the same. Wet bulb temperatures were below 25 degrees C; all sweat evaporated and was available for temperature regulation. The volume of water drawn from body reserves was closely correlated with concentration of chloride in body sweat; the volume of water that satisfied thirst maintained osmotic pressure.

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