Influence of tobacco smoking on the origin of thromboangeitis obliterans

1934 ◽  
Vol 30 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1208-1208
Author(s):  
W. G. Maddock ◽  
F. А. Сoller
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Peripheral Vasoconstriction

The authors note that smoking tobacco causes an increase in blood pressure and heart rate and a decrease in skin temperature in the fingers and toes due to increased peripheral vasoconstriction. The authors confirm these findings with experimental observations.

Cardiovascular responses to head-stand posture

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 987-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanker Rao
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Posterior Tibial Artery ◽  
Nervous Control ◽  
Posterior Tibial

Reports of cardiovascular responses to head-stand posture are lacking in literature. The results of the various responses, respectively, to the supine, erect, and head-stand posture, are as follows: heart rate/min 67, 84, and 69; brachial arterial pressure mm Hg 92, 90, and 108; posterior tibial arterial pressure mm Hg 98, 196, and 10; finger blood flow ml/100 ml min 4.5, 4.4, and 5.2; toe blood flow ml/100 ml min 7.1, 8.1, and 3.4; forehead skin temperature C 34.4, 34.0 and 34.3; dorsum foot skin temperature C 28.6, 28.2, and 28.2. It is inferred that the high-pressure-capacity vessels between the heart level and posterior tibial artery have little nervous control. The high-pressure baroreceptors take active part in postural adjustments of circulation. The blood pressure equating mechanism is not as efficient when vital tissues are pooled with blood as when blood supply to them is reduced. man; heart rate; blood flow; skin temperature Submitted on January 3, 1963

P4392A systematic review and meta-analysis of the cardiovascular effects of e-cigarette

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A S Antonopoulos ◽  
G Skotsimara ◽  
E Oikonomou ◽  
N Ioakeimidis ◽  
C V Mistakidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Safe Alternative

Abstract Background Electronic cigarette (EC) is marketed as a safe alternative to tobacco smoking, but EC cardiovascular effects remains largely unknown. Purpose To systematically review and meta-analyse published literature to investigate the cardiovascular effects and associated risk from EC use. Methods We searched PubMed from January 2000 until November 2017 for published studies assessing the cardiovascular effects of EC. For each eligible study we used the mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for SBP, DBP and HR. The pooled MDs for each outcome of interest were calculated by using a fixed effects model. The presence of heterogeneity among studies was evaluated by the I2 statistic. Results We report conflicting evidence on the effects of EC on heart rate and blood pressure, which is mainly based on non-randomized clinical studies of moderate quality. In a meta-analysis of 14 studies (n=441 participants), that despite the negative effects of EC on heart rate (pooled MD=2.27, 95% CI: 1.64 to 2.89, p<0.001), diastolic (DBP, pooled MD=2.01mmHg, 95% CI: 0.62 to 3.39, p=0.004) and systolic blood pressure (SBP, pooled MD=2.02mmHg, 95% CI: 0.07 to 3.97, p=0.042), benefits may be observed in terms of blood pressure regulation when switching from tobacco smoking to EC (SBP pooled MD=−7.00, 95% CI: −9.63 to −4.37, p<0.001; DBP pooled MD=−3.65, 95% CI: −5.71 to −1.59, p=0.001). Evidence suggests that EC negatively affects endothelial function, arterial stiffness and the long-term risk for coronary events, but these findings are derived from single study reports and have not been confirmed in additional studies. Conclusions We report adverse effects of EC use on heart rate and blood pressure. Unless supported by stronger evidence, EC should not be labelled as cardiovascular safe products. Future studies should delineate whether EC use is less hazardous to cardiovascular health than conventional cigarette smoking.

Effects of caffeine on blood pressure, heart rate, and forearm blood flow during dynamic leg exercise

1998 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason W. Daniels ◽  
Paul A. Molé ◽  
James D. Shaffrath ◽  
Charles L. Stebbins
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Dynamic Exercise ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Leg Exercise

This study examined the acute effects of caffeine on the cardiovascular system during dynamic leg exercise. Ten trained, caffeine-naive cyclists (7 women and 3 men) were studied at rest and during bicycle ergometry before and after the ingestion of 6 mg/kg caffeine or 6 mg/kg fructose (placebo) with 250 ml of water. After consumption of caffeine or placebo, subjects either rested for 100 min (rest protocol) or rested for 45 min followed by 55 min of cycle ergometry at 65% of maximal oxygen consumption (exercise protocol). Measurement of mean arterial pressure (MAP), forearm blood flow (FBF), heart rate, skin temperature, and rectal temperature and calculation of forearm vascular conductance (FVC) were made at baseline and at 20-min intervals. Plasma ANG II was measured at baseline and at 60 min postingestion in the two exercise protocols. Before exercise, caffeine increased both systolic blood pressure (17%) and MAP (11%) without affecting FBF or FVC. During dynamic exercise, caffeine attenuated the increase in FBF (53%) and FVC (50%) and accentuated exercise-induced increases in ANG II (44%). Systolic blood pressure and MAP were also higher during exercise plus caffeine; however, these increases were secondary to the effects of caffeine on resting blood pressure. No significant differences were observed in heart rate, skin temperature, or rectal temperature. These findings indicate that caffeine can alter the cardiovascular response to dynamic exercise in a manner that may modify regional blood flow and conductance.

The Diurnal Pattern of Salivary Flow in Normal and Depressed Patients

1965 ◽  
Vol 111 (473) ◽  
pp. 334-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Palmai ◽  
B. Blackwell
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Diurnal Pattern ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions

Attempts to correlate diagnosis or prognosis in depression with metabolic or autonomic parameters have been largely unsuccessful. Although electrolyte fluctuations coincide with some cyclical psychoses (Rey, 1957) these may be causal or incidental and their endocrine origin is undefined. Similar difficulties are inherent in studies of autonomic function (Martin, 1960) which have included observations on skin temperature and resistance (G.S.R.), heart rate, pupil reactions and muscle potentials. Much interest has focused on the blood pressure, and the Funkenstein test has emphasized the difficulties of this research. After widespread study and application, its prognostic value, the reliability of its measurements and the basic theoretical assumptions are now largely discredited (Rose, 1962). In the search for reliable objective criteria to evaluate or explain the phenomena of mental illness salivary secretion may prove of considerable value.

scholarly journals Postural hypocapnic hyperventilation is associated with enhanced peripheral vasoconstriction in postural tachycardia syndrome with normal supine blood flow

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (2) ◽  
pp. H904-H913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian M. Stewart ◽  
Marvin S. Medow ◽  
Neil S. Cherniack ◽  
Benjamin H. Natelson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Impedance Plethysmography ◽  
Postural Tachycardia Syndrome ◽  
Peripheral Vasoconstriction ◽  
Postural Tachycardia ◽  
End Tidal

Previous investigations have demonstrated a subset of postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) patients characterized by normal peripheral resistance and blood volume while supine but thoracic hypovolemia and splanchnic blood pooling while upright secondary to splanchnic hyperemia. Such “normal-flow” POTS patients often demonstrate hypocapnia during orthostatic stress. We studied 20 POTS patients (14–23 yr of age) and compared them with 10 comparably aged healthy volunteers. We measured changes in heart rate, blood pressure, heart rate and blood pressure variability, arm and leg strain-gauge occlusion plethysmography, respiratory impedance plethysmography calibrated against pneumotachography, end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PetCO2), and impedance plethysmographic indexes of blood volume and blood flow within the thoracic, splanchnic, pelvic (upper leg), and lower leg regional circulations while supine and during upright tilt to 70°. Ten POTS patients demonstrated significant hyperventilation and hypocapnia (POTSHC) while 10 were normocapnic with minimal increase in postural ventilation, comparable to control. While relative splanchnic hypervolemia and hyperemia occurred in both POTS groups compared with controls, marked enhancement in peripheral vasoconstriction occurred only in POTSHC and was related to thoracic blood flow. Variability indexes suggested enhanced sympathetic activation in POTSHC compared with other subjects. The data suggest enhanced cardiac and peripheral sympathetic excitation in POTSHC.

Cardiovascular Stress during the Rapid-Smoking Procedure

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Hynd ◽  
Mark O'Neal ◽  
Herbert H. Severson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Ethical Issue ◽  
Cardiovascular Stress

The effect of the rapid-smoking procedure on heart rate, blood pressure, and peripheral skin temperature as a measure of vasoconstriction was assessed for 6 women and 4 men who participated in a week long clinic. An analysis of heart rate, blood pressure, and skin temperature taken before, during, and after the procedure yielded a statistically significant effect across all three measures. The results are discussed in terms of their significance when compared to normal cigarette smoking and as they relate to the ethical issue raised in recommending this procedure based on these results.

Cardiovascular responses to noxious radiant heat in anesthetized cats

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (4) ◽  
pp. R576-R580 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Abram ◽  
D. R. Kostreva ◽  
F. A. Hopp ◽  
J. P. Kampine
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Tibial Nerve ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Systemic Blood Pressure ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Hind Footpad ◽  
Somatosympathetic Reflex

The responses of heart rate and blood pressure to noxious radiant heat were studied in seven pentobarbital-anesthetized cats. Afferent activity recorded from the tibial nerve, systemic blood pressure, and heart rate were monitored as skin temperature of the hind footpad was raised to 53 degrees C for 20 s using radiant heat. The averaged tibial afferent nerve activity increased markedly as skin temperature approached 52 degrees C. Within 2-3 s of the onset of increased tibial nerve activity, systolic blood pressure increased an average of 32 mmHg and heart rate increased an average of 16 beats/min in the seven animals that were studied. The results of this study provide evidence for a somatosympathetic reflex that is initiated by cutaneous nociceptors. Under pentobarbital anesthesia, an increase in heart rate and blood pressure appears to be a reliable indicator of nociceptor activation.

Physiological adjustments of young mean to five-hour desert walks

1976 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Dill ◽  
L. F. Soholt ◽  
I. B. Oddershede
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Physiological Adjustments ◽  
Subjective Reports ◽  
Cardiovascular Adjustment

Seven young men undertook a desert walk of 30 km at a rate of 100 m/min. Six finished; the seventh stopped after 24 km. Each satisfied his thirst with cool tap water each hour. Periodic observations included metabolic rate, blood pressure, heart rate, rectal and skin temperature, body weight, and volume of water drunk. Hand sweat was collected each hour and body sweat residues on the skin were collected at the end of the walk. Subjective reports revealed portents of breakdown: aching muscles, painful joints, hot or blistered feet, hunger, and boredom. Cardiovascular adjustment and temperature regulation maintained tolerable conditions. The volumes of water evaporated by the 5-h walkers were about the same. Wet bulb temperatures were below 25 degrees C; all sweat evaporated and was available for temperature regulation. The volume of water drawn from body reserves was closely correlated with concentration of chloride in body sweat; the volume of water that satisfied thirst maintained osmotic pressure.

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