Dual sensor for simultaneous measurement of electrical impedance and temperature during ice formation process

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Paulo Nakatu Longo ◽  
Jose Rodolfo Galvao ◽  
Jean Carlos Cardozo da Silva ◽  
Cicero Martelli ◽  
Rigoberto E. M. Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Simultaneous Measurement ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Dual Sensor

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Impedance Tomographic Mapping of Metabolically Active Endolumen

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parinaz Abiri ◽  
Yuan Luo ◽  
Zi-Yu Huang ◽  
Mehrdad Roustaei ◽  
Sandra Duarte-Vogel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Swine Model ◽  
Fractional Flow ◽  
Flow Reserve ◽  
Dual Sensor ◽  
Eis Measurements

AbstractReal-time detection of vulnerable atherosclerotic lesions, characterized by a high content of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-laden macrophages or foam cells, remains an unmet clinical need. While fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided revascularization in angiographically intermediate stenoses is utilized to assess hemodynamic significance, in vivo detection of oxLDL-rich plaques may provide a new paradigm for treating metabolically unstable lesions. Herein, we have demonstrated endoluminal mapping of lipid-laden lesions using 3-D electrical impedance spectroscopy-derived impedance tomography (EIT) in a pre-clinical swine model. We performed surgical banding of the right carotid arteries of Yucatan mini-pigs, followed by 16 weeks of high-fat diet, to promote the development of lipid-rich lesions. We implemented an intravascular sensor combining an FFR pressure transducer with a 6-point micro-electrode array for electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. 3-D EIT mapping was achieved using an EIS-based reconstruction algorithm. We demonstrated that EIT mapping corresponds to endoluminal histology for oxLDL-laden lesions. We further used computational models to theoretically predict and validate EIS measurements. Thus, our 3-D EIS-derived EIT provides in vivo detection of metabolically active plaques with the goal of guiding optimal intravascular intervention.One Sentence SummaryThis work demonstrates in vivo mapping of oxidized LDL-laden endolumen by deploying an intravascular dual-sensor to a swine model of atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Ice Formation and Ice Structure on Law Dome, Antarctica

1985 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 150-153
Author(s):  
Xik Zichu
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Transition Layer ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Ice Crystals ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Last Glaciation ◽  
Isotope Analyses

Snow stratigraphical studies, together with crystallographic and oxygen isotope analyses, have affirmed the existence of a complete range of ice formation zones on the Law Dome, Antarctica. Asymmetric distribution of these zones and changes in the types of ice formation with depth in snow pits dug near the boundaries of the zones show an asymmetry in accumulation and thermal conditions in different sites on Law Dome, and a climatic change in past years. Crystallographic studies of ice from two boreholes near Cape Forger (BHC i and BHC 2) show change of microtexture and fabric of the ice crystals with depth. Six different layers of ice can be identified: 1) a deposition layer with polygonal shaped crystals, an ice fabric which is dependent on the ice formation process; 2) a transition layer with porphyrblastic crystals and a girdle fabric pattern developing toward a two-pole fabric; 3) a fine grained layer with cataclastic crystals and strong, nearly vertical single pole c-axis fabric; 4) a coarse grained layer with large, interlocking, branched crystals and a diamond pattern of fabric; 5) a second fine grained layer with single maximum fabric; 6) a second coarse grained layer with multi-maxima fabric. The origin of the second fine grained layer, found in the ice of the last glaciation is discussed. The author suggests that this ice results from conditions during the last glaciation.

scholarly journals Textural characteristics of sea ice and the major mechanisms of ice growth in the Weddell Sea

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 210-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Lange ◽  
H. Eicken
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Ice Edge ◽  
The Antarctic

We report on studies of sea-ice texture conducted during a number of expeditions into the Weddell Sea. Sea ice in the Antarctic is dominated by granular ice of frazil origin in floes of all ages, in contrast to ice in the Arctic, which consists predominantly of columnar ice of congelation origin. The large fraction of granular ice in first-year sea ice is a result of the dominant ice-formation process in the advancing ice edge, the pancake cycle. The dominance of granular over columnar ice in second- and/or multi-year ice is a result of the large degree of deformational activity in the Southern Ocean.

A WDM dual sensor system for simultaneous measurement of temperature and pressure

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanhong Yang ◽  
Chunjiao Xu ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Pingping Zhang ◽  
Wei Jin
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Measurement ◽  
Sensor System ◽  
Dual Sensor ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

Ice formation process by cooling water–oil emulsion with stirring in a vessel

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Tsuchida ◽  
Chaedong Kang ◽  
Masashi Okada ◽  
Koji Matsumoto ◽  
Tetsuo Kawagoe
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Oil Emulsion

scholarly journals Textural characteristics of sea ice and the major mechanisms of ice growth in the Weddell Sea

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 210-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Lange ◽  
H. Eicken
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Ice Edge ◽  
The Antarctic

We report on studies of sea-ice texture conducted during a number of expeditions into the Weddell Sea. Sea ice in the Antarctic is dominated by granular ice of frazil origin in floes of all ages, in contrast to ice in the Arctic, which consists predominantly of columnar ice of congelation origin. The large fraction of granular ice in first-year sea ice is a result of the dominant ice-formation process in the advancing ice edge, the pancake cycle. The dominance of granular over columnar ice in second- and/or multi-year ice is a result of the large degree of deformational activity in the Southern Ocean.

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