Data Collection of IoT Devices Using an Energy-Constrained UAV

Abstract This study suggests using a user-initiated detecting and data gathering from power-limited and even passive wireless devices, such as passive RFID tags, wireless sensor networks (WSNs), and Internet of Things (IoT) devices, that either power limitation or poor cellular coverage prevents them from communicating directly with wireless networks. While previous studies focused on sensors that continuously transmit their data, the focus of this study is on passive devices. The key idea is that instead of receiving the data transmitted by the sensor nodes, an external device (a reader), such as an unnamed aerial vehicle (UAV), or a smartphone is used to detect IoT devices and read the data stored in the sensor nodes, and then to deliver it to the cloud, in which it is stored and processed. While previous studies on UAV-aided data collection from WSNs focused on the UAV path planning, the focus of this study is on the rate at which the passive sensor nodes should be polled. That is, to find the minimal monitoring rate that still guarantees accurate and reliable data collection. The proposed scheme enables us to deploy wireless sensor networks over a large geographic area (e.g., for agricultural applications), in which the cellular coverage is very poor if any. Furthermore, the usage of initiated data collection can enable the deployment of passive WSNs. Thus, can significantly reduce both the operational cost, as well as the deployment cost, of the WSN.

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Ping-Pong Free Advanced and Energy Efficient Sensor Relocation for IoT-Sensory Network

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20195654 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (19) ◽

pp. 5654

Author(s):

Moonseong Kim ◽

Sooyeon Park ◽

Woochan Lee

Keyword(s):

Big Data ◽

Data Collection ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Essential Role ◽

Sensor Nodes ◽

Ping Pong ◽

Iot Devices ◽

Artificial Network ◽

Specific Cluster ◽

Big Data Technology

With the growing interest in big data technology, mobile IoT devices play an essential role in data collection. Generally, IoT sensor nodes are randomly distributed to areas where data cannot be easily collected. Subsequently, when data collection is impossible (i.e., sensing holes occurrence situation) due to improper placement of sensors or energy exhaustion of sensors, the sensors should be relocated. The cluster header in the sensing hole sends requests to neighboring cluster headers for the sensors to be relocated. However, it can be possible that sensors in the specific cluster zones near the sensing hole are continuously requested to move. With this knowledge, there can be a ping-pong problem, where the cluster headers in the neighboring sensing holes repeatedly request the movement of the sensors in the counterpart sensing hole. In this paper, we first proposed the near-uniform selection and movement scheme of the sensors to be relocated. By this scheme, the energy consumption of the sensors can be equalized, and the sensing capability can be extended. Thus the network lifetime can be extended. Next, the proposed relocation protocol resolves a ping-pong problem using queues with request scheduling. Another crucial contribution of this paper is that performance was analyzed using the fully-customed OMNeT++ simulator to reflect actual environmental conditions, not under over-simplified artificial network conditions. The proposed relocation protocol demonstrates a uniform and energy-efficient movement with ping-pong free capability.

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A Two-Flights Mutual Authentication for Energy-Constrained IoT Devices

2019 IEEE 4th International Verification and Security Workshop (IVSW) ◽

10.1109/ivsw.2019.8854438 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yildiran Yilmaz ◽

Basel Halak

Keyword(s):

Mutual Authentication ◽

Energy Constrained ◽

Iot Devices

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Secure LoRa Firmware Update with Adaptive Data Rate Techniques

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21072384 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (7) ◽

pp. 2384

Author(s):

Derek Heeger ◽

Maeve Garigan ◽

Eirini Eleni Tsiropoulou ◽

Jim Plusquellic

Keyword(s):

Data Rate ◽

Maximum Speed ◽

Area Network ◽

Wide Area Network ◽

Data Rates ◽

Significant Burden ◽

Embedded Algorithms ◽

Energy Constrained ◽

Iot Devices ◽

Update Process

Internet of Things (IoT) devices rely upon remote firmware updates to fix bugs, update embedded algorithms, and make security enhancements. Remote firmware updates are a significant burden to wireless IoT devices that operate using low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technologies due to slow data rates. One LPWAN technology, Long Range (LoRa), has the ability to increase the data rate at the expense of range and noise immunity. The optimization of communications for maximum speed is known as adaptive data rate (ADR) techniques, which can be applied to accelerate the firmware update process for any LoRa-enabled IoT device. In this paper, we investigate ADR techniques in an application that provides remote monitoring of cattle using small, battery-powered devices that transmit data on cattle location and health using LoRa. In addition to issues related to firmware update speed, there are significant concerns regarding reliability and security when updating firmware on mobile, energy-constrained devices. A malicious actor could attempt to steal the firmware to gain access to embedded algorithms or enable faulty behavior by injecting their own code into the device. A firmware update could be subverted due to cattle moving out of the LPWAN range or the device battery not being sufficiently charged to complete the update process. To address these concerns, we propose a secure and reliable firmware update process using ADR techniques that is applicable to any mobile or energy-constrained LoRa device. The proposed system is simulated and then implemented to evaluate its performance and security properties.

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