cGRNexp: a web platform for building combinatorial gene regulation networks based on user-uploaded gene expression datasets

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huayong Xu ◽  
Hui Yu ◽  
Kang Tu ◽  
Qianqian Shi ◽  
Chaochun Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Gene Regulation Networks ◽  
Web Platform

scholarly journals Pattern Discovery in Gene Expression Data

2009 ◽  
pp. 45-64
Author(s):  
Gráinne Kerr ◽  
Heather Ruskin ◽  
Martin Crane
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Data Mining ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Gene Expression Data ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Expression Data ◽  
Single Experiment ◽  
Gene Regulation Networks

Microarray technology1 provides an opportunity to monitor mRNA levels of expression of thousands of genes simultaneously in a single experiment. The enormous amount of data produced by this high throughput approach presents a challenge for data analysis: to extract meaningful patterns, to evaluate its quality, and to interpret the results. The most commonly used method of identifying such patterns is cluster analysis. Common and sufficient approaches to many data-mining problems, for example, Hierarchical, K-means, do not address well the properties of “typical” gene expression data and fail, in significant ways, to account for its profile. This chapter clarifies some of the issues and provides a framework to evaluate clustering in gene expression analysis. Methods are categorised explicitly in the context of application to data of this type, providing a basis for reverse engineering of gene regulation networks. Finally, areas for possible future development are highlighted.

scholarly journals Current Advances on the Important Roles of Enhancer RNAs in Gene Regulation and Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhan Liu ◽  
Mengting Ding ◽  
Qunjun Gao ◽  
Anbang He ◽  
Yuchen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Cancer Initiation ◽  
Gene Regulation Networks

Revealing the gene regulation networks governing cancer initiation and development is necessary while it remains uncompleted. In recent years, enhancers have been reported to be widely transcribed, resulting in the generation of enhancer RNAs (eRNAs). Previous studies have reported that eRNAs are a subclass of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which play a critical role in gene regulation and cancer development. These eRNAs can promote enhancer-promoter (E-P) looping formation by binding to other protein factors or propel expression of downstream protein-coding gene. In this review, we have focused on the characteristics of eRNAs and illustrated the biological function and potential mechanism of eRNAs in regulating gene expression and cancer development.

scholarly journals Base-Pair Opening Dynamics Study of Fluoride Riboswitch in the Bacillus cereus CrcB Gene

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3234
Author(s):  
Juhyun Lee ◽  
Si-Eun Sung ◽  
Janghyun Lee ◽  
Jin Young Kang ◽  
Joon-Hwa Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Base Pair ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Hydrogen Exchange ◽  
Magnesium Ion ◽  
Fluoride Ion ◽  
Base Pair Opening

Riboswitches are segments of noncoding RNA that bind with metabolites, resulting in a change in gene expression. To understand the molecular mechanism of gene regulation in a fluoride riboswitch, a base-pair opening dynamics study was performed with and without ligands using the Bacillus cereus fluoride riboswitch. We demonstrate that the structural stability of the fluoride riboswitch is caused by two steps depending on ligands. Upon binding of a magnesium ion, significant changes in a conformation of the riboswitch occur, resulting in the greatest increase in their stability and changes in dynamics by a fluoride ion. Examining hydrogen exchange dynamics through NMR spectroscopy, we reveal that the stabilization of the U45·A37 base-pair due to the binding of the fluoride ion, by changing the dynamics while maintaining the structure, results in transcription regulation. Our results demonstrate that the opening dynamics and stabilities of a fluoride riboswitch in different ion states are essential for the genetic switching mechanism.

scholarly journals CFTR Cooperative Cis-Regulatory Elements in Intestinal Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2599
Author(s):  
Mégane Collobert ◽  
Ozvan Bocher ◽  
Anaïs Le Nabec ◽  
Emmanuelle Génin ◽  
Claude Férec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Cftr Gene ◽  
Intestinal Cells ◽  
Cooperative Effects ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Study Techniques

About 8% of the human genome is covered with candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs). Disruptions of CREs, described as “cis-ruptions” have been identified as being involved in various genetic diseases. Thanks to the development of chromatin conformation study techniques, several long-range cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) regulatory elements were identified, but the regulatory mechanisms of the CFTR gene have yet to be fully elucidated. The aim of this work is to improve our knowledge of the CFTR gene regulation, and to identity factors that could impact the CFTR gene expression, and potentially account for the variability of the clinical presentation of cystic fibrosis as well as CFTR-related disorders. Here, we apply the robust GWAS3D score to determine which of the CFTR introns could be involved in gene regulation. This approach highlights four particular CFTR introns of interest. Using reporter gene constructs in intestinal cells, we show that two new introns display strong cooperative effects in intestinal cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses further demonstrate fixation of transcription factors network. These results provide new insights into our understanding of the CFTR gene regulation and allow us to suggest a 3D CFTR locus structure in intestinal cells. A better understand of regulation mechanisms of the CFTR gene could elucidate cases of patients where the phenotype is not yet explained by the genotype. This would thus help in better diagnosis and therefore better management. These cis-acting regions may be a therapeutic challenge that could lead to the development of specific molecules capable of modulating gene expression in the future.

scholarly journals Regulation and imaging of gene expression via an RNA interference antagonistic biomimetic probe

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 4973-4977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Xue-Jiao Yang ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Ming-Chen Xu ◽  
Jing-Juan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Living Cells

A versatile strategy is reported which permits gene regulation and imaging in living cells via an RNA interference antagonistic probe.

The heat shock response: A case study of chromatin dynamics in gene regulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila S. Teves ◽  
Steven Henikoff
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Response ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Pol Ii ◽  
Chromatin Dynamics ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Shock Response ◽  
Rate Limiting

Recent studies in transcriptional regulation using the Drosophila heat shock response system have elucidated many of the dynamic regulatory processes that govern transcriptional activation and repression. The classic view that the control of gene expression occurs at the point of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) recruitment is now giving way to a more complex outlook of gene regulation. Promoter chromatin dynamics coordinate with transcription factor binding to maintain the promoters of active genes accessible. For a large number of genes, the rate-limiting step in Pol II progression occurs during its initial elongation, where Pol II transcribes 30–50 bp and pauses for further signals. These paused genes have unique genic chromatin architecture and dynamics compared with genes where Pol II recruitment is rate limiting for expression. Further elongation of Pol II along the gene causes nucleosome turnover, a continuous process of eviction and replacement, which suggests a potential mechanism for Pol II transit along a nucleosomal template. In this review, we highlight recent insights into transcription regulation of the heat shock response and discuss how the dynamic regulatory processes involved at each transcriptional stage help to generate faithful yet highly responsive gene expression.

scholarly journals Inferring gene regulation dynamics from static snapshots of gene expression variability

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Euan Joly-Smith ◽  
Zitong Jerry Wang ◽  
Andreas Hilfinger
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Expression Variability

scholarly journals Topoisomerase IIβ targets DNA crossovers formed between distant homologous sites to modulate chromatin structure and gene expression

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Miyaji ◽  
Ryohei Furuta ◽  
Osamu Hosoya ◽  
Kuniaki Sano ◽  
Norikazu Hara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Mapping Technique ◽  
Dna Duplexes ◽  
Transcription Start Sites ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Topo Ii ◽  
Type Ii Dna Topoisomerases ◽  
Strand Passage

AbstractBackgroundType II DNA topoisomerases (topo II) flip the spatial positions of two DNA duplexes, called G- and T-segments, by a cleavage-passage-resealing mechanism. In living cells, these DNA segments can be placed far from each other on the same chromosome. However, no direct evidence for this to occur has been described so far due to lack of proper methodology.ResultsThe beta isoform of topo II (topo IIβ) is essential for transcriptional regulation of genes expressed in the final stage of neuronal differentiation. To elucidate the enzyme’s role in the process, here we devise a genome-wide mapping technique for topo IIβ target sites that can measure the genomic distance between G- and T-segments. It became clear that the enzyme operates in two distinctive modes, termed proximal strand passage (PSP) and distal strand passage (DSP). PSP sites are concentrated around transcription start sites, whereas DSP sites are heavily clustered in small number of hotspots. While PSP represent the conventional topo II targets that remove local torsional stresses, DSP sites have not been described previously. Most remarkably, DSP is driven by the pairing between homologous sequences or repeats located in a large distance. A model-building approach suggested that the DSP sites are intertwined or knotted and topo IIβ is engaged in unknotting reaction that leads to chromatin decondensation and gene regulation.ConclusionsWhen combined with categorized gene expression analysis, the model-based prediction of DSP sites reveals that DSP is one of the key factors for topo IIβ-dependency of neuronal gene regulation.

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