A preliminary study on system-level impact of persistent main memory

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taciano Perez ◽  
Ney Laert Vilar Calazans ◽  
Cesar A. F. De Rose
Keyword(s):  
Main Memory ◽  
System Level ◽  
Preliminary Study

Preliminary Study in Parallel Simulation of Equation-Based System-Level Physical Models

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Liping Chen ◽  
Jianwan Ding ◽  
Jianjun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Simulation ◽  
Parallel Programs ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
System Level ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Task Graph ◽  
Simulation Code ◽  
Equation Solving ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Preliminary Study

As the maximum speed for processors seems to have reached its peak, parallelization becomes an important way to speed up the simulation. This paper discusses the problems of parallelizing the task graphs that represent the system-level physical models at the equation level. The methods for estimating the runtimes of the equation solving tasks are presented. There is a focus on an interactive tool which is designed to parallelize the task graph semi-automatically and to generate the parallel simulation code automatically. For further research, this tool can be used to test the automatic parallelizing algorithms. Several example models are parallelized. The parallel programs are generated and experimented. The final results suggest that parallelization at the equation level is effective and better performances are supposed to be found in bigger systems.

Performance and Power Estimation of STT-MRAM Main Memory with Reliable System-level Simulation

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Kazi Asifuzzaman ◽  
Rommel Sánchez Verdejo ◽  
Petar Radojković
Keyword(s):  
Academic Research ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Power Estimation ◽  
Spin Transfer Torque ◽  
Main Memory ◽  
System Level ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Reliable System ◽  
Novel Technology ◽  
System Level Simulation

It is questionable whether DRAM will continue to scale and will meet the needs of next-generation systems. Therefore, significant effort is invested in research and development of novel memory technologies. One of the candidates for next-generation memory is Spin-Transfer Torque Magnetic Random Access Memory (STT-MRAM). STT-MRAM is an emerging non-volatile memory with a lot of potential that could be exploited for various requirements of different computing systems. Being a novel technology, STT-MRAM devices are already approaching DRAM in terms of capacity, frequency, and device size. Although STT-MRAM technology got significant attention of various major memory manufacturers, academic research of STT-MRAM main memory remains marginal. This is mainly due to the unavailability of publicly available detailed timing and current parameters of this novel technology, which are required to perform a reliable main memory simulation on performance and power estimation. This study demonstrates an approach to perform a cycle accurate simulation of STT-MRAM main memory, being the first to release detailed timing and current parameters of this technology from academia—essentially enabling researchers to conduct reliable system-level simulation of STT-MRAM using widely accepted existing simulation infrastructure. The results show a fairly narrow overall performance deviation in response to significant variations in key timing parameters, and the power consumption experiments identify the key power component that is mostly affected with STT-MRAM.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Study of Security and Privacy of Emerging Non-Volatile Memories

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nasim Imtiaz Khan ◽  
Swaroop Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Data Privacy ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Spin Transfer Torque ◽  
Main Memory ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
System Level ◽  
System Throughput ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
Privacy Issues

Several promising non-volatile memories (NVMs) such as magnetic RAM (MRAM), spin-transfer torque RAM (STTRAM), ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM), resistive RAM (RRAM), and phase-change memory (PCM) are being investigated to keep the static leakage within a tolerable limit. These new technologies offer high density and consume zero leakage power and can bridge the gap between processor and memory. The desirable properties of emerging NVMs make them suitable candidates for several applications including replacement of conventional memories. However, their unique characteristics introduce new data privacy and security issues. Some of them are already available in the market as discrete chips or a part of full system implementation. They are considered to become ubiquitous in future computing devices. Therefore, it is important to ensure their security/privacy issues. Note that these NVMs can be considered for cache, main memory, or storage application. They are also suitable to implement in-memory computation which increases system throughput and eliminates von Neumann bottleneck. Compute-capable NVMs impose new security and privacy challenges that are fundamentally different than their storage counterpart. This work identifies NVM vulnerabilities and attack vectors originating from the device level all the way to circuits and systems, considering both storage and compute applications. We also summarize the circuit/system-level countermeasures to make the NVMs robust against security and privacy issues.

System-level impacts of persistent main memory using a search engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taciano Perez ◽  
Ney Laert Vilar Calazans ◽  
César A.F. De Rose
Keyword(s):  
Search Engine ◽  
Main Memory ◽  
System Level

The Ultrastructure of Metastatic Human Mammary Carcinoma After Prolonged Estrogen Therapy

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 180-181
Author(s):  
John H.L. Watson ◽  
John L. Swedo ◽  
R.W. Talley
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Carcinoma ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Estrogen Therapy ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Human Mammary Carcinoma ◽  
Surgical Biopsy ◽  
Lead Hydroxide ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Hormonal Therapies

A preliminary study of human mammary carcinoma on the ultrastructural level is reported for a metastatic, subcutaneous nodule, obtained as a surgical biopsy. The patient's tumor had responded favorably to a series of hormonal therapies, including androgens, estrogens, progestins, and corticoids for recurring nodules over eight years. The pertinent nodule was removed from the region of the gluteal maximus, two weeks following stilbestrol therapy. It was about 1.5 cms in diameter, and was located within the dermis. Pieces from it were fixed immediately in cold fixatives: phosphate buffered osmium tetroxide, glutaraldehyde, and paraformaldehyde. Embedment in each case was in Vestopal W. Contrasting was done with combinations of uranyl acetate and lead hydroxide.

Fine structure of early degenerating myofibers in the tibialis anterior of young ‘MDX’ mouse

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 322-323
Author(s):  
H.D. Geissinger ◽  
C.K. McDonald-Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Genetic Defect ◽  
Mdx Mouse ◽  
Mdx Mice ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Dystrophic Mouse ◽  
Preliminary Study

A new strain of mice, which had arisen by mutation from a dystrophic mouse colony was designated ‘mdx’, because the genetic defect, which manifests itself in brief periods of muscle destruction followed by episodes of muscle regeneration appears to be X-linked. Further studies of histopathological changes in muscle from ‘mdx’ mice at the light microscopic or electron microscopic levels have been published, but only one preliminary study has been on the tibialis anterior (TA) of ‘mdx’ mice less than four weeks old. Lesions in the ‘mdx’ mice vary between different muscles, and centronucleation of fibers in all muscles studied so far appears to be especially prominent in older mice. Lesions in young ‘mdx’ mice have not been studied extensively, and the results appear to be at variance with one another. The degenerative and regenerative aspects of the lesions in the TA of 23 to 26-day-old ‘mdx’ mice appear to vary quantitatively.

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