Telecommunication applications over the low voltage power distribution grid

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Waldeck ◽  
M. Busser ◽  
K. Dostert
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Distribution Grid

scholarly journals Innovative Application of Model-Based Predictive Control for Low-Voltage Power Distribution Grids with Significant Distributed Generation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1773
Author(s):  
Nouha Dkhili ◽  
David Salas ◽  
Julien Eynard ◽  
Stéphane Thil ◽  
Stéphane Grieu
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Control ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Sliding Window ◽  
Problem Formulation ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Power Generators ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Distribution Grids

In past decades, the deployment of renewable-energy-based power generators, namely solar photovoltaic (PV) power generators, has been projected to cause a number of new difficulties in planning, monitoring, and control of power distribution grids. In this paper, a control scheme for flexible asset management is proposed with the aim of closing the gap between power supply and demand in a suburban low-voltage power distribution grid with significant penetration of solar PV power generation while respecting the different systems’ operational constraints, in addition to the voltage constraints prescribed by the French distribution grid operator (ENEDIS). The premise of the proposed strategy is the use of a model-based predictive control (MPC) scheme. The flexible assets used in the case study are a biogas plant and a water tower. The mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) setting due to the water tower ON/OFF controller greatly increases the computational complexity of the optimisation problem. Thus, one of the contributions of the paper is a new formulation that solves the MINLP problem as a smooth continuous one without having recourse to relaxation. To determine the most adequate size for the proposed scheme’s sliding window, a sensitivity analysis is carried out. Then, results given by the scheme using the previously determined window size are analysed and compared to two reference strategies based on a relaxed problem formulation: a single optimisation yielding a weekly operation planning and a MPC scheme. The proposed problem formulation proves effective in terms of performance and maintenance of acceptable computational complexity. For the chosen sliding window, the control scheme drives the power supply/demand gap down from the initial one up to 38%.

Fundamental Properties of the Low Voltage Power Distribution Grid Used as a Data Channel

2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Dostert ◽  
Manfred Zimmermann ◽  
Torsten Waldeck ◽  
Michael Arzberger
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Data Channel ◽  
Fundamental Properties

scholarly journals SmartLVGrid Platform—Convergence of Legacy Low-Voltage Circuits toward the Smart Grid Paradigm

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2590
Author(s):  
R. Claudio S. Gomes ◽  
Carlos Costa ◽  
Jose Silva ◽  
Jose Sicchar
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
Low Voltage Circuits ◽  
The Cost

The current electrical system is transitioning towards a new technological model called the smart grid. The transition duration between the traditional Electric Power System (EPS) and the full smart grid depends on well-designed strategic plans, implementing transition models that are as close to smart grids as possible, based on the processes and technological resources available at the time, but always considering their economic feasibility, without which no solution thrives. In this article, we present a method for convergence of the traditional power distribution grid to the smart grid paradigm by retrofitting the legacy circuits that compose this grid. Our results indicate that the application of such a method, through a distributed system platform with integrated technological resources added to the legacy infrastructure, converts these passive grids into intelligent circuits capable of supporting the implementation of a smart grid with a broad scope of functionalities. Based on a novel retrofitting strategy, the solution is free from the cost of replacing or significantly modifying the legacy infrastructure, as verified in deploying other currently available solutions.

scholarly journals Design of Three Phase Load Unbalance Automatic Regulating System for Low Voltage Power Distribution Grids

2018 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 02040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongxia Li ◽  
Yulei Gong
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Voltage Distribution ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Voltage Quality ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Line Loss ◽  
Unbalanced Loads ◽  
Wire System

In the three-phase four wire system of the low voltage side for the distribution grid, the phenomenon of asymmetrical and uneven single phase load were very common, causing unbalance in certain network. When unbalance exists, the system will have a larger line loss and the unbalanced loads can result in efficiency reduction of power energy and voltage quality decline. And then the safety and stabilization of power system in the low-voltage distribution grid will be directly affected. Therefore, based on the problems above, combined with the characteristic of the low voltage distribution grid in the three-phase four wire system, a three phase load unbalance automatic regulating system for low voltage distribution grid is designed. The system is composed of intelligent phase change controller and phase commutation switch. Based on the relevant theoretical analysis and experimental research applied in the system, the results show that this system can reasonably reduce load imbalance, improve power system performance, economic and social benefits.

scholarly journals Voltage Stability of Low-Voltage Distribution Grid with High Penetration of Photovoltaic Power Units

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Ghaffarianfar ◽  
Amin Hajizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Voltage Stability ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Loss Analysis

Voltage stability analysis of power distribution systems with high photovoltaic (PV) penetration is a challenging problem due to the stochastic generation of a solar power system. Voltage stability is an important benchmark for defining PV’s penetration level in active distribution networks considering loading capacity. The massive integration of PV power units, the effect of distribution system characteristics, like high ratio of R/X, and the reported collapses in power networks come up in serious studies that investigate their impact and upcoming problems on distribution networks. Therefore, this paper proposes analytical voltage stability and it is implemented on IEEE 34 nodes radial distribution systems with 24.9 kV and 4.16 kV voltage levels. In this regard, in addition to given properties in stability and power loss analysis, a penetration coefficient for PVs is considered. Simulation results prove that the applied method can illustrate the positive and negative effects of PV in distribution networks.

scholarly journals Statistical Analysis of Electric Power Distribution Grid Outages

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Godwin Diamenu
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electric Power Systems ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Electric Power Distribution ◽  
Phase Conductors

Power systems in general supply consumers with electrical energy as economically and reliably as possible. Reliable electric power systems serve customer loads without interruptions in supply voltage. Electric power generation facilities must produce enough power to meet customer demand. Electrical energy produced and delivered to customers through generation, transmission and distribution systems, constitutes one of the largest consumers markets the world over. The benefits of electric power systems are integrated into the much faster modern life in such extent that it is impossible to imagine the society without the electrical energy. The rapid growth of electric power distribution grids over the past few decades has resulted in a large increment in the number of grid lines in operation and their total length. These grid lines are exposed to faults as a result of lightning, short circuits, faulty equipment, mis-operation, human errors, overload, and aging among others. A fault implies any abnormal condition which causes a reduction in the basic insulation strength between phase conductors or phase conductors and earth, or any earthed screens surrounding the conductors. In this paper, different types of faults that affected the electric power distribution grid of selected operational districts of Electricity Company of Ghana (ECG) in the Western region of Ghana was analyzed and the results presented. Outages due to bad weather and load shedding contributed significantly to the unplanned outages that occurred in the medium voltage (MV) distribution grid. Blown fuse and loose contact faults were the major contributor to unplanned outages in the low voltage (LV) electric power distribution grid.

Analysis of Lightning Overvoltages on Low Voltage Power Distribution Lines due to Direct Lightning Hits to Overhead Ground Wire

1993 ◽  
Vol 113 (8) ◽  
pp. 881-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasutomo Imai ◽  
Nobuyuki Fujiwara ◽  
Hiroshi Yokoyama ◽  
Tetsuro Shimomura ◽  
Koichi Yamaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Distribution Lines ◽  
Power Distribution Lines

scholarly journals Power Hardware-in-the-Loop: Response of Power Components in Real-Time Grid Simulation Environment

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
Moiz Muhammad ◽  
Holger Behrends ◽  
Stefan Geißendörfer ◽  
Karsten von Maydell ◽  
Carsten Agert
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Compensation Strategy ◽  
Software Environment ◽  
The Real

With increasing changes in the contemporary energy system, it becomes essential to test the autonomous control strategies for distributed energy resources in a controlled environment to investigate power grid stability. Power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) concept is an efficient approach for such evaluations in which a virtually simulated power grid is interfaced to a real hardware device. This strongly coupled software-hardware system introduces obstacles that need attention for smooth operation of the laboratory setup to validate robust control algorithms for decentralized grids. This paper presents a novel methodology and its implementation to develop a test-bench for a real-time PHIL simulation of a typical power distribution grid to study the dynamic behavior of the real power components in connection with the simulated grid. The application of hybrid simulation in a single software environment is realized to model the power grid which obviates the need to simulate the complete grid with a lower discretized sample-time. As an outcome, an environment is established interconnecting the virtual model to the real-world devices. The inaccuracies linked to the power components are examined at length and consequently a suitable compensation strategy is devised to improve the performance of the hardware under test (HUT). Finally, the compensation strategy is also validated through a simulation scenario.

scholarly journals Architectural and functional classification of smart grid solutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Friederike Wenderoth ◽  
Elisabeth Drayer ◽  
Robert Schmoll ◽  
Michael Niedermeier ◽  
Martin Braun
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Hierarchical Architecture ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Active System ◽  
System Operation ◽  
Power System Operation

Abstract Historically, the power distribution grid was a passive system with limited control capabilities. Due to its increasing digitalization, this paradigm has shifted: the passive architecture of the power system itself, which includes cables, lines, and transformers, is extended by a communication infrastructure to become an active distribution grid. This transformation to an active system results from control capabilities that combine the communication and the physical components of the grid. It aims at optimizing, securing, enhancing, or facilitating the power system operation. The combination of power system, communication, and control capabilities is also referred to as a “smart grid”. A multitude of different architectures exist to realize such integrated systems. They are often labeled with descriptive terms such as “distributed,” “decentralized,” “local,” or “central." However, the actual meaning of these terms varies considerably within the research community.This paper illustrates the conflicting uses of prominent classification terms for the description of smart grid architectures. One source of this inconsistency is that the development of such interconnected systems is not only in the hands of classic power engineering but requires input from neighboring research disciplines such as control theory and automation, information and telecommunication technology, and electronics. This impedes a clear classification of smart grid solutions. Furthermore, this paper proposes a set of well-defined operation architectures specialized for use in power systems. Based on these architectures, this paper defines clear classifiers for the assessment of smart grid solutions. This allows the structural classification and comparison between different smart grid solutions and promotes a mutual understanding between the research disciplines. This paper presents revised parts of Chapters 4.2 and 5.2 of the dissertation of Drayer (Resilient Operation of Distribution Grids with Distributed-Hierarchical Architecture. Energy Management and Power System Operation, vol. 6, 2018).

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