Self-Organized Lightwave Network Based on Waveguide Films for Three-Dimensional Optical Wiring Within Boxes

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 2091-2100 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yoshimura ◽  
T. Inoguchi ◽  
T. Yamamoto ◽  
S. Moriya ◽  
Y. Teramoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Self Organized

scholarly journals Epithelial Cell Chirality Revealed by Three-Dimensional Spontaneous Rotation

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (48) ◽  
pp. 12188-12193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda S. Chin ◽  
Kathryn E. Worley ◽  
Poulomi Ray ◽  
Gurleen Kaur ◽  
Jie Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Intrinsic Property ◽  
Cell Aggregates ◽  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
Directional Bias ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Dependent Cell

Our understanding of the left–right (LR) asymmetry of embryonic development, in particular the contribution of intrinsic handedness of the cell or cell chirality, is limited due to the confounding systematic and environmental factors during morphogenesis and a ack of physiologically relevant in vitro 3D platforms. Here we report an efficient two-layered biomaterial platform for determining the chirality of individual cells, cell aggregates, and self-organized hollow epithelial spheroids. This bioengineered niche provides a uniform defined axis allowing for cells to rotate spontaneously with a directional bias toward either clockwise or counterclockwise directions. Mechanistic studies reveal an actin-dependent, cell-intrinsic property of 3D chirality that can be mediated by actin cross-linking via α-actinin-1. Our findings suggest that the gradient of extracellular matrix is an important biophysicochemical cue influencing cell polarity and chirality. Engineered biomaterial systems can serve as an effective platform for studying developmental asymmetry and screening for environmental factors causing birth defects.

Self-Organized Composition Modulation In Omvpe Ga1−xInxAsySb1−y/GaSb Epitaxial Heterostructures

1999 ◽  
Vol 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y-C. Chen ◽  
V. Bucklen ◽  
K. Rajan ◽  
C. A. Wang ◽  
G. W. Charache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy ◽  
Composition Modulation ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Epitaxial Heterostructures ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Lattice Matched

AbstractMicrostructures of lattice-matched Ga1−xInxAsySb1−y grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE) on (100) 6°→ (111)B GaSb substrates have been examined in detail by transmission electron microscopy. A three-dimensional self-organized composition modulation (SOCM) microstructure was found with an orientation inclined 10 degrees to the surface orientation when viewed in (011) cross-section. The periodicity of the SOCM increased from ˜13 nm to 20 nm, as x increased from 0.1 to 0.2 while the orientation of the SOCM remained the same. The fact that the orientation was not sensitive to the component composition indicated that substrate misorientation plays a major role in deciding this SOCM orientation. This may open fabrication opportunities for three-dimensional natural superlattices by engineering on the substrate misorientation.

Simulation of Nanostructure Formation in Thin Polymer Films

2005 ◽  
Vol 890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongchoul Kim ◽  
Wei Lu
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Thin Polymer Film ◽  
Thin Polymer Films ◽  
Structural Formation ◽  
Coupled Diffusion ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
Thin Polymer ◽  
Dielectric Effect

ABSTRACTA thin polymer film subjected to an electrostatic field may lose stability at the polymer-air interface, leading to uniform self-organized pillars emerging out of the film surface. This paper presents a three dimensional dynamic model to account for the behavior. The coupled diffusion, viscous flow, and dielectric effect are incorporated into a phase field framework. Numerical simulations reveal rich dynamics of the pattern formation process and the substrate effect. The pillar size is insensitive to the film thickness, but the distance between pillars and the growth rate are significantly affected. The study suggests an approach to control structural formation in thin films with a designed electric field.

scholarly journals Circulating re-entrant waves promote maturation of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes in self-organized tissue ring

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junjun Li ◽  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Leqian Yu ◽  
Itsunari Minami ◽  
Shigeru Miyagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Directed Differentiation ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Electrical Pacing ◽  
Long Term Behavior

AbstractDirected differentiation methods allow acquisition of high-purity cardiomyocytes differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs); however, their immaturity characteristic limits their application for drug screening and regenerative therapy. The rapid electrical pacing of cardiomyocytes has been used for efficiently promoting the maturation of cardiomyocytes, here we describe a simple device in modified culture plate on which hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes can form three-dimensional self-organized tissue rings (SOTRs). Using calcium imaging, we show that within the ring, reentrant waves (ReWs) of action potential spontaneously originated and ran robustly at a frequency up to 4 Hz. After 2 weeks, SOTRs with ReWs show higher maturation including structural organization, increased cardiac-specific gene expression, enhanced Ca2+-handling properties, an increased oxygen-consumption rate, and enhanced contractile force. We subsequently use a mathematical model to interpret the origination, propagation, and long-term behavior of the ReWs within the SOTRs.

An ultra-small fluid oscillation unit for pumping driven by self-organized three-dimensional bridging of pulsatile cardiomyocytes on elastic micro-piers

2019 ◽  
Vol 293 ◽  
pp. 256-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Tanaka ◽  
Tadahiro Yamashita ◽  
Yaxiaer Yalikun ◽  
Satoshi Amaya ◽  
Asako Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Fluid Oscillation

Pore Etching in Compound Semiconductors for the Production of Photonic Crystals

2002 ◽  
Vol 722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Foell ◽  
Sergiu Langa ◽  
Juergen Carstensen ◽  
Marc Christophersen ◽  
Ivan Tiginyanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystals ◽  
Current Flow ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Perfect Crystal ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Strong Tendency ◽  
Ordered Arrays ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
First Results ◽  
Made In

AbstractOrdered arrays of pores in Si provided the first (two dimensional) photonic crystals with bandgaps in the μm region. The paper explores the potential of pore etching for two- and threedimensional photonic crystals in GaAs, InP, and GaP. A striking feature of pore etching in III-V semiconductors is the strong tendency to self-organization and pattern formation. As an example, self-organized well-defined pore lattices (a = 100 nm – 1 μm) can be made in InP. All materials show self organized diameter oscillations, often synchronized over large distances between pores. Extremely strong diameter oscillations are observed in GaAs. Pores in all materials tend to grow in <111> directions, but can be induced to grow in the direction of current flow, too. These features can be used to produce two- and three dimensional photonic crystals. The latter goal might be achieved by switching periodically between different pore morphologies with depth, or by modulating the diameter with depth - always helped by the tendency to self organization. Self organization, however, will not lead to perfect crystal structures; lithographically defined nucleation is needed and has been tried. First results show that there are pronounced differences to what is known from Si. While the production of externally defined photonic crystals in the sub μm region appears to be feasible, the strong tendency to self organization must be taken into account by matching internal time and length scales to the desired external ones.

SnO2 nanocrystals on self-organized TiO2 nanotube array as three-dimensional electrode for lithium ion microbatteries

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (27) ◽  
pp. 5689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guodong Du ◽  
Zaiping Guo ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Mingbo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Tio2 Nanotube ◽  
Tio2 Nanotube Array ◽  
Nanotube Array ◽  
Sno2 Nanocrystals ◽  
Self Organized
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