Comparison of CVR impact on transmission system load margin with aggregated and de-aggregated distribution system

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alok Kumar Bharati ◽  
Ankit Singhal ◽  
Venkataramana Ajjarapu ◽  
Zhaoyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
System Load ◽  
Aggregated Distribution ◽  
Load Margin

scholarly journals Coordination of Multiple Electric Vehicle Aggregators for Peak Shaving and Valley Filling in Distribution Feeders

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Saad Ullah Khan ◽  
Khawaja Khalid Mehmood ◽  
Zunaib Maqsood Haider ◽  
Muhammad Kashif Rafique ◽  
Muhammad Omer Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Peak Shaving ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Load Profile ◽  
System Load

In this paper, a coordination method of multiple electric vehicle (EV) aggregators has been devised to flatten the system load profile. The proposed scheme tends to reduce the peak demand by discharging EVs and fills the valley gap through EV charging in the off-peak period. Upper level fair proportional power distribution to the EV aggregators is exercised by the system operator which provides coordination among the aggregators based on their aggregated energy demand or capacity. The lower level min max objective function is implemented at each aggregator to distribute power to the EVs. Each aggregator ensures that the EV customers’ driving requirements are not relinquished in spite of their employment to support the grid. The scheme has been tested on IEEE 13-node distribution system and an actual distribution system situated in Seoul, Republic of Korea whilst utilizing actual EV mobility data. The results show that the system load profile is smoothed by the coordination of aggregators under peak shaving and valley filling goals. Also, the EVs are fully charged before departure while maintaining a minimum energy for emergency travel.

Pipeline Instrumentation: The British Gas National Transmission System

1987 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
P Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Instrument Engineer ◽  
Transmission And Distribution

The transmission and distribution system operated by British Gas plc is the largest integrated pipeline system in Europe. The whole system comprises a national transmission system which carries gas from five terminals to the twelve gas regions. Each region in turn carries the gas through a regional transmission system into a distribution grid and thence onto its customers. The national, regional and distribution system all present the instrument engineer with different technical challenges because of the way in which they have been built and are operated, however, it is simplest to characterise them by their process conditions. The operating pressure is highest in the national transmission system being up to 75 bar, in the regional transmission system the pressure is usually less than 37 bar, and in the distribution grid it is less than 7 bar. In general, the pipe diameters decrease from the national system downwards, and the measured flowrates are lowest in the distribution grids. This paper is concerned only with instrumentation on the national transmission system. The discussion will cover current technology which is typical of that being installed at present, and concentrates on the more commonly found instrumentation. The paper begins with a brief history of development of the national transmission system and a description of how it is operated. This is followed by a discussion on the application of computers to the control of unmanned installations. A section concerning the measurement of pressure and its application to the control of the system comes next. The main part of the paper contains an analysis of high accuracy flowmetering and the paper concludes with some comments on developments in instrumentation and their application to changing operation of the national transmission system.

scholarly journals Mapping and Analysis of the Reactive Power Balance in the Danish Transmission Network

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Mads Nannestad ◽  
Zhe Zhang ◽  
Jundi Jia ◽  
Emil Jensen ◽  
Peter Randewijk
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Power Balance ◽  
Transmission Network ◽  
Power Devices ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Overhead Lines ◽  
System Operator

This paper investigates the reactive power balance of the Zealand side of the Danish transmission system (DK2) by using QV-curves. The study is performed in cooperation with Energinet, who is the Danish transmission system operator (TSO). Firstly, this paper aims to map the reactive power balance with the current challenges in the system, which appears due to a decision of changing overhead lines in the scenic area to cables. Secondly, a method is derived for obtaining a comprehensive overview of the impacts that future projects might have on the system. By dividing the transmission system into smaller areas, it is possible to analyze how the reactive power will affect the voltage; moreover, it is favorable to analyze and handle the challenges in the reactive power balance locally. This helps the TSO to quickly determine the lack of reactive power devices and issues that might occur in future expansions of the system. For this paper, a full-scale model of DK2 and SCADA-data has been utilized. It covers the period from 01-01-2016 to 20-08-2017 between the TSO and the Distribution System Operator (DSO). The studies have shown how the location of the wind production will create issues in the reactive power balance.

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