scholarly journals Coordination of Multiple Electric Vehicle Aggregators for Peak Shaving and Valley Filling in Distribution Feeders

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Saad Ullah Khan ◽  
Khawaja Khalid Mehmood ◽  
Zunaib Maqsood Haider ◽  
Muhammad Kashif Rafique ◽  
Muhammad Omer Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Peak Shaving ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Load Profile ◽  
System Load

In this paper, a coordination method of multiple electric vehicle (EV) aggregators has been devised to flatten the system load profile. The proposed scheme tends to reduce the peak demand by discharging EVs and fills the valley gap through EV charging in the off-peak period. Upper level fair proportional power distribution to the EV aggregators is exercised by the system operator which provides coordination among the aggregators based on their aggregated energy demand or capacity. The lower level min max objective function is implemented at each aggregator to distribute power to the EVs. Each aggregator ensures that the EV customers’ driving requirements are not relinquished in spite of their employment to support the grid. The scheme has been tested on IEEE 13-node distribution system and an actual distribution system situated in Seoul, Republic of Korea whilst utilizing actual EV mobility data. The results show that the system load profile is smoothed by the coordination of aggregators under peak shaving and valley filling goals. Also, the EVs are fully charged before departure while maintaining a minimum energy for emergency travel.

scholarly journals A Novel Hybrid Technique of Frequency Control for Distributed Energy Resources

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-204
Author(s):  
Hasham Khan
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hybrid Technique ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Power Distribution System

The rapid increase in the population and fastest development in the industrial sector has increased the energy demand throughout the world. Frequent outages and load shedding has seriously deteriorated the efficiency of the electrical power distribution system. Under such circumstances, the implementation of Distributed Generation (DG) is increasing. Small hydel generators are considered as the most-clean and economical for generating electrical energy. These are very complex nonlinear generators which usually exhibits low frequency electromechanical oscillations due to insufficient damping caused by severe operating conditions. These DGs are not connected to the utility in many cases because, under varying load, they cannot maintain the frequency to the permissible value. This work presents detailed analysis of operating characteristics and proposes a hybrid frequency control strategy of the small hydel systems. The simulation and testing is performed in MATLAB, the results verified the improved performance with the recommended method. The proposed method conserves half of the power consumption. The control scheme regulates the dump load by connecting and disconnecting it affectively. The application of presented methodology is convenient in the deregulated environment, especially under the severe shortage of energy. The proposed model keeps the frequency of system at desired level. It reduces the noise, thereby improving the response time of the designed controller as compared to conventional controllers. The innovative scheme also provides power for small scale industrial, agricultural and other domestic application of far-off areas where the supply of utility main grid is difficult to provide. The recommended scheme is environmental friendly and easy to implement wherever small hydel resources are available.

scholarly journals Reliability Enhancement of Electric Distribution Network Using Optimal Placement of Distributed Generation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 11407
Author(s):  
Sanaullah Ahmad ◽  
Azzam ul Asar
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
System Reliability ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Optimal Location ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Distribution System Reliability

As energy demand is increasing, power systems’ complexities are also increasing. With growing energy demand, new ways and techniques are formulated by researchers to increase the efficiency and reliability of power systems. A distribution system, which is one of the most important entities in a power system, contributes up to 90% of reliability problems. For a sustainable supply of power to customers, the distribution system reliability must be enhanced. Distributed generation (DG) is a new way to improve distribution system reliability by bringing generation nearer to the load centers. Artificial intelligence (AI) is an area in which much innovation and research is going on. Different scientific areas are utilizing AI techniques to enhance system performance and reliability. This work aims to apply DG as a distributed source in a distribution system to evaluate its impacts on reliability. The location of the DG is a design criteria problem that has a relevant effect on the reliability of the distribution system. As the distance of load centers from the feeder increases, outage durations also increase. The reliability was enhanced, as the SAIFI value was reduced by almost 40%, the SAIDI value by 25%, and the EENS value by 25% after injecting DG into the distribution network. The artificial neural network (ANN) technique was utilized to find the optimal location of the DG; the results were validated by installing DG at prescribed localities. The results showed that the injection of DG at proper locations enhances the reliability of a distribution system. The proposed approach was applied to thte Roy Billinton Test System (RBTS). The implementation of the ANN technique is a unique approach to the selection of a location for a DG unit, which confirms that applying this computational technique could decrease human errors that are associated with the hit and trial methods and could also decrease the computational complexities and computational time. This research can assist distribution companies in determining the reliability of an actual distribution system for planning and expansion purposes, as well as in injecting a DG at the most optimal location in order to enhance the distribution system reliability.

scholarly journals Electric Vehicle–Grid Integration with Voltage Regulation in Radial Distribution Networks

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Cao ◽  
Zhouquan Wu ◽  
Bo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Grid Integration ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Voltage Compensation ◽  
Control Schemes ◽  
Grid Level

In this paper, a vehicle–grid integration (VGI) control strategy for radial power distribution networks is presented. The control schemes are designed at both microgrid level and distribution level. At the VGI microgrid level, the available power capacity for electric vehicle (EV) charging is optimally allocated for charging electric vehicles to meet charging requirements. At the distribution grid level, a distributed voltage compensation algorithm is designed to recover voltage violation when it happens at a distribution node. The voltage compensation is achieved through a negotiation between the grid-level agent and VGI microgrid agents using the alternating direction method of multipliers. In each negotiation round, individual agents pursue their own objectives. The computation can be carried out in parallel for each agent. The presented VGI control schemes are simulated and verified in a modified IEEE 37 bus distribution system. The simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the VGI control algorithms and the effect of algorithm parameters on the convergence of agent negotiation.

Use of municipal real estate for the construction of public electric vehicle charging stations – legal and economic issues

2020 ◽  
Vol III (III) ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
Wojciech Drożdż ◽  
Maciej Szmigiero ◽  
Jakub Dowejko
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Power Distribution System ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Vehicle Charging ◽  
Charging Stations

The development of electromobility is part of a broader trend of building smart cities, in which power distribution system operators actively participate. The fact that the legislator has delegated part of the tasks related to the construction of electric vehicle charging infrastructure to these entities should also mean equipping them with legal mechanisms for the implementation of public objectives, including those based on the provisions of the Real Estate Management Act. However, due to the imperfection of the regulations, these entities do not have the tools to preferentially purchase real estate for the development of charging stations, and the local governments lack the basis for making donations for this purpose. However, distribution system operators together with local authorities are natural partners in promoting electromobility in cities.

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