Experimental characterization and control of a four-way non-isolating power combiner

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prathamesh Pednekar ◽  
Leila Deng ◽  
Taylor Barton
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Power Combiner ◽  
And Control

Defects in Materials: Their Characterization and Simulation.

1990 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin G. Windsor
Keyword(s):  
Point Defects ◽  
Uranium Oxide ◽  
Computer Modelling ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Dynamic Measurements ◽  
Stress Concentrations ◽  
Copper Clusters ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Complementary Nature ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACTMaterials research does not necessarily need to eliminate defects, but rather to characterize them, and to understand and control their effects. In most cases chacterization of defects means making structural or dynamic measurements of their properties. To understand these measurements in order to predict material and defect properties outside the range of the measurements is a much harder problem. Ideally a theory is required. However in the materials examples considered in this review, point defects in uranium oxide, copper clusters in steel, grain boundary aggregations, and stress concentrations, a true analytic theory is beyond our capabilities. Here computer modelling is often able to make the progress needed. This review considers the complementary nature of experimental characterization and computer simulation in our understanding of defects in materials.

scholarly journals Automated design of highly diverse riboswitches

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle J Wu ◽  
Johan O L Andreasson ◽  
Wipapat Kladwang ◽  
William Greenleaf ◽  
Rhiju Das
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Machines ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Automated Design ◽  
Massively Parallel ◽  
Flavin Mononucleotide ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Array Technology ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Designs

AbstractRiboswitches that couple binding of ligands to recruitment of molecular machines offer sensors and control elements for RNA synthetic biology and medical biotechnology. Current approaches to riboswitch design enable significant changes in output activity in the presence vs. absence of input ligands. However, design of these riboswitches has so far required expert intuition and explicit specification of complete target secondary structures, both of which limit the structure-toggling mechanisms that have been explored. We present a fully automated method called RiboLogic for these design tasks and high-throughput experimental tests of 2,875 molecules using RNA-MaP (RNA on a massively parallel array) technology. RiboLogic designs explore an unprecedented diversity of structure-toggling mechanisms validated through experimental tests. These synthetic molecules consistently modulate their affinity to the MS2 bacteriophage coat protein upon binding of flavin mononucleotide, tryptophan, theophylline, and microRNA miR-208a, achieving activation ratios of up to 20 and significantly better performance than control designs. The data enable dissection of features of structure-toggling mechanisms that correlate with higher performance. The diversity of RiboLogic designs and their quantitative experimental characterization provides a rich resource for further improvement of riboswitch models and design methods.

Control of Metal Alloy Oxidation with Electric Fields

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 164-165
Author(s):  
R. R. Dils ◽  
P. S. Follansbee
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Oxide Surface ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
Insulating Layer ◽  
Iron Base Alloy ◽  
Alloy Oxidation ◽  
Aluminum Oxide Layer ◽  
And Control

Electric fields have been applied across oxides growing on a high temperature alloy and control of the oxidation of the material has been demonstrated. At present, three-fold increases in the oxidation rate have been measured in accelerating fields and the oxidation process has been completely stopped in a retarding field.The experiments have been conducted with an iron-base alloy, Pe 25Cr 5A1 0.1Y, although, in principle, any alloy capable of forming an adherent aluminum oxide layer during oxidation can be used. A specimen is polished and oxidized to produce a thin, uniform insulating layer on one surface. Three platinum electrodes are sputtered on the oxide surface and the specimen is reoxidized.

Evidence for a Blood Ganglion Barrier in the Superior Cervical Ganglion of the Rat

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 204-204
Author(s):  
D. M. DePace
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Time Schedule ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cervical Ganglia ◽  
Capillary Circulation ◽  
And Control

The majority of blood vessels in the superior cervical ganglion possess a continuous endothelium with tight junctions. These same features have been associated with the blood brain barrier of the central nervous system and peripheral nerves. These vessels may perform a barrier function between the capillary circulation and the superior cervical ganglion. The permeability of the blood vessels in the superior cervical ganglion of the rat was tested by intravenous injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Three experimental groups of four animals each were given intravenous HRP (Sigma Type II) in a dosage of.08 to.15 mg/gm body weight in.5 ml of.85% saline. The animals were sacrificed at five, ten or 15 minutes following administration of the tracer. Superior cervical ganglia were quickly removed and fixed by immersion in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in Sorenson's.1M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. Three control animals received,5ml of saline without HRP. These were sacrificed on the same time schedule. Tissues from experimental and control animals were reacted for peroxidase activity and then processed for routine transmission electron microscopy.

Effects of renovascular hypertension on rat adrenal zona glomerulosa

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 582-583
Author(s):  
G. Mazzocchi ◽  
P. Rebuffat ◽  
C. Robba ◽  
P. Vassanelli ◽  
G. G. Nussdorfer
Keyword(s):  
Renovascular Hypertension ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Left Renal Artery ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
And Control

It is well known that the rat adrenal zona glomerulosa steroidogenic activity is controlled by the renin-angiotensin system. The ultrastructural changes in the rat zona glomerulosa cells induced by renovascular hypertension were described previously, but as far as we are aware no correlated biochemical and morphometric investigations were performed.Twenty adult male albino rats were divided into 2 experimental groups. One group was subjected to restriction of blood flow to the left kidney by the application of a silver clip about the left renal artery. The other group was sham-operated and served as a control. Renovascular hypertension developed in about 10 days: sistolic blood pressure averaged 165 ± 6. 4 mmHg, whereas it was about 110 ± 3. 8 mmHg in the control animals. The hypertensive and control rats were sacrificed 20 days after the operation. The blood was collected and plasma renin activity was determined by radioimmunological methods. The aldosterone concentration was radioimmunologically assayed both in the plasma and in the homogenate of the left capsular adrenal gland.

X-Ray Replication of Submicrometer Linewidth Patterns

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 136-137
Author(s):  
Henry I. Smith ◽  
D.C. Flanders
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Backscattering ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Cross Sectional Profile ◽  
Carbon Foils ◽  
Sectional Profile ◽  
And Control ◽  
Soft Radiation

Scanning electron beam lithography has been used for a number of years to write submicrometer linewidth patterns in radiation sensitive films (resist films) on substrates. On semi-infinite substrates, electron backscattering severely limits the exposure latitude and control of cross-sectional profile for patterns having fundamental spatial frequencies below about 4000 Å(l),Recently, STEM'S have been used to write patterns with linewidths below 100 Å. To avoid the detrimental effects of electron backscattering however, the substrates had to be carbon foils about 100 Å thick (2,3). X-ray lithography using the very soft radiation in the range 10 - 50 Å avoids the problem of backscattering and thus permits one to replicate on semi-infinite substrates patterns with linewidths of the order of 1000 Å and less, and in addition provides means for controlling cross-sectional profiles. X-radiation in the range 4-10 Å on the other hand is appropriate for replicating patterns in the linewidth range above about 3000 Å, and thus is most appropriate for microelectronic applications (4 - 6).

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