scholarly journals Significance of localized soil resistivity in designing a grounding system

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Lim ◽  
C. Gomes ◽  
G. Nourirad ◽  
M. Z. A. A Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Soil Resistivity ◽  
Grounding System

Correlation Analysis between Grounding Resistance and Diurnal Variations of Upper Soil Resistivity during March 2010 in Balozhi, Latvia

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Kizhlo ◽  
Arvids Kanbergs ◽  
Mihails Kizhlo
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Electrical Safety ◽  
Soil Resistivity ◽  
Grounding System ◽  
Grounding Resistance ◽  
Local Topography

Correlation Analysis between Grounding Resistance and Diurnal Variations of Upper Soil Resistivity during March 2010 in Balozhi, LatviaThe accurate measurement of soil resistivity and grounding system resistance is fundamental to electrical safety. However, geological and meteorological factors can have a considerable effect on the accuracy of conventional measurements and the validity of the measurement methods. This paper examines some aspects of grounding measurements and grounding system performance in the context of both geological and meteorological effects.We are reporting the results of grounding measurements using the 3-point method with ground resistivity tester type M416. The measurements were conducted during selected period from 2010 March 1 to March 31 in Balozhi, Latvia. We also noted that the resistivity of the upper layer significantly varied from a point to another, reflecting difference in water content in the upper soil layer due to local topography and other parameters.

scholarly journals Effects of lightning impulse front time on substation grounding system performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 569
Author(s):  
Muhammad Adnan ◽  
Zulkurnain Adul Malek ◽  
Nur Syazwani Mohd Din ◽  
Muhammad Irfan Jambak ◽  
Zainuddin Nawawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Lightning Discharge ◽  
Soil Resistivity ◽  
Grounding System ◽  
Step Voltage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Lightning Impulse ◽  
Touch Voltage ◽  
Ground Potential

<table width="593" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="387"><p>The role of the grounding system in the safety of the power system and protection of personnel is obvious during an unexpected short circuit or lightning discharge at the substation. The aim of this work is to analyze the effects of several parameters: lightning impulse front time, soil resistivity and types of grid materials on the grounding system of the Substation. The ground potential rise (GPR), touch voltage and step voltage of a 50 m x 60 m grounding grid buried at a depth of 0.5 m were computed using CDEGS when injected by impulse with different front times. Results show that the shorter the front time of lightning impulse waveform, the higher the value of GPR, touch voltage and step voltage. Meanwhile, when the value of soil resistivity is increased, the value of GPR, touch voltage and step voltage is also increased. Lastly, different types of grid conductor materials give different values of GPR, touch voltage and step voltage. However, it can be said that the differences are too small to be of any significance.</p><p> </p></td></tr></tbody></table>

scholarly journals Analysis Grounding System as Building Equipment Security Udayana University Denpasar

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
I G. N. Janardana ◽  
W. Arta Wijaya ◽  
Cok Gede Indra Partha ◽  
N. Budiastra
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Diameter ◽  
Soil Resistivity ◽  
Grounding System ◽  
Ground Resistance ◽  
System Type ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Installation Depth ◽  
Minimal Depth ◽  
Resistance Value

Grounding system is one of the components in building equipment security. To fulfill the operational continuity of electronic equipment in Faculty of Engineering, Udayana University, Denpasar, a grounding system with a ground resistance of ? 3 ohms is required to be installed. The aim of this study is to find out the characteristics of grounding system to secure the equipment in the building around the research location, with ground resistance of ? 3 ohms and it is expected to be beneficial to use as a reference in grounding system installation as well as.  According to the measurement results at the research location, it is found that the soil resistance value is equal to 0.23 ohms, where the soil resistivity (?) is 28.89 Ohm-meters. There are some results analysis obtained in ground resistance value of ? 3 Ohm. Those are 1) grounding system type 1 rod where minimal depth installation of the electrode is 14 meters with ground resistance value of 2.6751 ohms; 2) grounding system type two rod with s < L, it is obtained that each depth is 8 meters with distance of 2 meters between electrodes, where the ground resistance value is 2.4940 ohms. In the installation of two electrodes with s > L, it is gained that the depth of each electrode is 6 meters where the distance between the electrodes is 8 meters and the ground resistance value is 2.8718 ohms. By applying the plates type grounding system with 3 meters in length, 1 meter in width, and 2 meters in installation depth is gained 2.8431 ohms ground resistance value. Furthermore, by applying grid type grounding system with 2 meters in length h = 2,5 meters in depth, A = 4 meters in width and the total length of the electrode diameter 1 cm is 504 meters, it is obtained 2.0978 ohms ground resistance value.

scholarly journals The use of enhancement material in grounding system: a review

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aizat Azmi ◽  
Noor Azlinda Ahmad ◽  
Lau Kwan Yiew ◽  
Z. Abdul-Malek
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Soil Resistivity ◽  
Grounding System ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Past ◽  
System A ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Set Up

<p>This paper reviews the improvement of grounding impedance in grounding system by means of enhancement materials. Various enhancement materials for the past 20 years will be reviewed according to their advantages and disadvantages, followed by a focus on the technique for proper measurement set up based on the standard. In addition to that, the condition of enhancement materials under high voltage exposure is reviewed. Many researchers claim that soil resistivity, moisture content, and surrounding environment are the most contributed to the grounding system specifically on the grounding impedance. Hence, the utilization of enhancement materials is essential in order to maintain the grounding system performance.</p>

The Influence of Moisture and Temperature on the Behavior of Soil Resistivity in Earthing Design Using Finite Element Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajad Samadinasab ◽  
Farhad Namdari ◽  
Mohammad Bakhshipor
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Analytical Formula ◽  
Comsol Multiphysics ◽  
Soil Resistivity ◽  
Grounding System ◽  
Ground Resistance ◽  
Equipment Safety ◽  
Accurate Design ◽  
Element Method

<p>Protection of equipment, safety of persons and continuity of power supply are the main objectives of the grounding system. For its accurate design, it is essential to determine the potential distribution on the earth surface and the equivalent resistance of the system. The knowledge of such parameters allows checking the security offered by the grounding system when there is a failure in the power systems.A new method to design an earthing systems using Finite Element Method (FEM) is presented in this article.In this approach, the influence of the moisture and temperature on the behavior of soil resistivity are considered in EARTHING system DESIGN. The earthing system is considered to be a rod electrode and a plate type electrode buried vertically in the ground.The resistance of the system which is a very important factor in the design process is calculated using Finite Element Method. Finite Element Method is used to estimate the solution of the partial differential equation that governs the system behavior. COMSOL Multiphysics 4.4 which is one of the packages that work with the FEM is used as a tool in this design.Finally the values of the resistance obtained by COMSOL Multiphysics are compared with the proven analytical formula values for the ground resistance, in order to prove the work done with COMSOL Multiphysics.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of Soil Resistivity Measurement on the Safe Design of Grounding Systems

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3170
Author(s):  
Vasilios P. Androvitsaneas ◽  
Katerina D. Damianaki ◽  
Christos A. Christodoulou ◽  
Ioannis F. Gonos
Keyword(s):  
Resistivity Measurement ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Soil Resistivity ◽  
Grounding System ◽  
Uncertainty Of Measurements ◽  
Full Knowledge ◽  
Ground Profile ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

A prerequisite for the proper and safe designing of a grounding system is the full knowledge of the ground structure in the terrain of installation. Through soil resistivity measurements, engineers are able to illustrate the ground profile, which constitutes the most significant parameter for the design of a grounding system and for determining the maximum permissible limits of step and touch voltages. This paper highlights the high importance and necessity for engineers to choose the proper measurement axes of soil resistivity in the terrain of interest and to choose suitable measurement depths, as well the combination of axes for the final determination of the ground profile. The variance of soil resistivity values, as a function of axis distance and the impact of axis placement on determining the uncertainty of measurements, is also analyzed in detail in this study. Furthermore, this work studies the value variance of step and touch voltages as a function of measurement axes, considering two- and three-layer soil models, based on soil resistivity field measurements performed at the university campus. Therefore, the proper and premeditated measurement of soil resistivity, particularly in anisotropic ground, is proved to be of major importance for the full designing of a safe grounding system.

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