Modelling South African Agulhas marine Current Profile data for electricity generation

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Williams ◽  
M. Nthontho ◽  
S. Chowdhury ◽  
S. P. Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Current Profile ◽  
Profile Data ◽  
Marine Current

scholarly journals Offshore wind energy – South Africa’s untapped resource

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-42
Author(s):  
Gordon Rae ◽  
Gareth Erfort
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
South African ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Energy ◽  
Multi Criteria Evaluation

In the context of the Anthropocene, the decoupling of carbon emissions from electricity generation is critical. South Africa has an ageing coal power fleet, which will gradually be decommissioned over the next 30 years. This creates substantial opportunity for a just transition towards a future energy mix with a high renewable energy penetration. Offshore wind technology is a clean electricity generation alternative that presents great power security and decarbonisation opportunity for South Africa. This study estimated the offshore wind energy resource available within South Africa’s exclusive economic zone (EEZ), using a geographic information system methodology. The available resource was estimated under four developmental scenarios. This study revealed that South Africa has an annual offshore wind energy production potential of 44.52 TWh at ocean depths of less than 50 m (Scenario 1) and 2 387.08 TWh at depths less than 1 000 m (Scenario 2). Furthermore, a GIS-based multi-criteria evaluation was conducted to determine the most suitable locations for offshore wind farm development within the South African EEZ. The following suitable offshore wind development regions were identified: Richards Bay, KwaDukuza, Durban, and Struis Bay. Based on South Africa’s annual electricity consumption of 297.8 TWh in 2018, OWE could theoretically supply approximately 15% and 800% of South Africa’s annual electricity demand with offshore wind development Scenario 1 and 2 respectively.

scholarly journals The Profile and Development of the Lower Limb in Setswana-Speaking Children between the Ages of 2 and 9 Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3245
Author(s):  
Mariaan van Aswegen ◽  
Stanisław H. Czyż ◽  
Sarah J. Moss
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Limb Development ◽  
Tibial Torsion ◽  
Profile Data ◽  
Anteversion Angle ◽  
Torsion Angles ◽  
Tibiofemoral Angle ◽  
Nigerian Children ◽  
Intermalleolar Distance

Profile data on normal lower limb development and specifically tibiofemoral angle development in black, Setswana-speaking South African children are lacking. This study aimed to provide profiles on the development of the tibiofemoral angle, hip anteversion angle and tibial torsion angles in two- to nine-year-old children. Measurements of the tibiofemoral angle, intercondylar distances or intermalleolar distances, quadriceps-angle, hip anteversion- and tibial torsion angle were clinically obtained from 691 healthy two- to nine-year-old children. Two-year-old children presented with closest to genu varum at −3.4° (±3.4°). At three years, a peak of −5.7° (±2.3°) genu valgum was seen, which plateaued at −4.5° (±2.1°) at age nine years. Intermalleolar distance results support tibiofemoral angle observations. Small quadricep-angles were observed in the two-year-old group, (−3.81° ± 3.77°), which increased to a mean peak of −9.2° (±4.4°) in nine-year-olds. From the age of four years old, children presented with neutral tibial torsion angles, whilst two- and three-year-olds presented with internal tibial torsion angles. Anteversion angles were the greatest in three-year-olds at 77.6° ± 13.8° and decreased to a mean angle of 70.8° ± 6.9° in nine-year-olds. The tibiofemoral angle developed similarly to those tested in European, Asian and Nigerian children, but anteversion- and internal tibial torsion angles were greater in the Setswana population than angles reported in European children. Our findings indicate that lower limb development differs in different environments and traditions of back-carrying may influence the development, which requires further investigation.

Simulation of electricity generation by marine current turbines at Istanbul Bosphorus Strait

Energy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Yazicioglu ◽  
K.M. Murat Tunc ◽  
Muammer Ozbek ◽  
Tolga Kara
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Marine Current ◽  
Bosphorus Strait

scholarly journals Tax Instruments Applied In Selected Developing Countries To Reduce Emissions From Electricity Generation Recommendations For South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Mareli Dippenaar
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
South African ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
South African Government ◽  
African Government ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Reduction Of Emissions ◽  
Reduce Emissions

The objective of the study was to compare the tax instruments (both incentives and disincentives) applied in selected developing countries (four BRICS countries, namely South Africa, China, Brazil and India) to reduce their emissions from electricity generation, in an attempt to identify areas for possible improvement or expansion in South Africa. Increased renewable energy, energy efficiency and research and development relating to these fields can contribute to the reduction of emissions resulting from electricity generation. A number of similar tax incentives were identified in the countries, the majority of which appear to be more beneficial in the comparative countries than in South Africa. It could be worth considering improving some of the existing incentives in South Africa to be more beneficial to taxpayers. In addition, a number of tax instruments that are applied in some of the comparative countries, were identified and suggested for consideration by the South African government.

scholarly journals Assessing the Costs and Risks of the South African Electricity Portfolio: A Portfolio Theory Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mantombi Bashe ◽  
Mercy Shuma-Iwisi ◽  
Michael Anton Van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Portfolio Theory ◽  
Load Shedding ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
The South ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Fuel Costs

Portfolio theory is used to evaluate the cost and risk of the South African electricity generation portfolio in a bid to find out how were the costs and risks of the South African electricity generation portfolio managed following the 2007 and 2008 load shedding events. The costs considered are fuel, environmental levy and operating and maintenance costs, for the Eskom power stations from 2008/09 to 2013/14. The results show that: the current electricity generation mix is not efficient due to high cost and risk; and following the 2007 and 2008 load shedding events the entire portfolio capacity was increased marginally and the OCGT stations fuel costs increased substantially. Future work would be to apply this study to the period following the 2014 and 2015 load shedding events. 

scholarly journals Green certificate trading

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-54
Author(s):  
Kerri Brick ◽  
Martine Visser
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
South African ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
African Context ◽  
Renewable Electricity Generation ◽  
Important Design

Policies to promote renewable electricity are increasingly seen as a way to reduce the negative environmental impacts associated with electricity consumption and meet growing electricity demand. This paper reviews the international experience with one such policy, namely, renewable energy certificates, and considers important design aspects of a national green certificate system. Within a South African context, a green certificate system would provide a mechanism with which to verify compliance with any future renewable energy obligations, and would encourage renewable electricity generation in the current monopoly environment. In terms of a national green certificate framework, international experience has shown that renewable energy certificates must be both accredited and standardized, with enforcement of penalties for non-compliance with renewable energy quotas. Above all, a long-term and stable policy environment is crucial for developing renewable energy markets.

scholarly journals Projecting the external health costs of a coal-fired power plant: The case of Kusile

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes W. Riekert ◽  
Steven F. Koch
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Health Costs ◽  
Nitrous Oxides ◽  
Generation Plant ◽  
Impact Pathway ◽  
The Impact

We examine an important subset of the expected health costs associated with the commissioning of Kusile, a new coal-fired electricity generation plant in South Africa. The subset of health impacts focuses on sulphur dioxides, nitrous oxides and large particulate matter (greater than 10 mm). The analysis makes use of the Impact Pathway Approach combined with the data transfer methodology. The plant, which is expected to contribute 4 800 MW of additional electricity to the South African grid is found to have modest health impacts, partly due to the limited additional pollutant emissions expected at the plant. Specifically, additional localised external health costs are found to be in the region of 0.09c/kWh to 6.08c/kWh. Limitations of the analysis are also examined.

A profile of accounting research in South African accounting journals

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniël Coetsee ◽  
Nerine Stegmann
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Current Profile ◽  
The South ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Accounting Research

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the profile of accounting research in the two academic accounting research journals in South Africa (Meditari Accountancy Research and SA Journal of Accounting Research) during the ten‐year period from 2000 to 2009.Design/methodology/approachThe archival research method is applied, which analyses existing data (in this case the articles published in the South African (SA) accounting research journals) to come to research conclusions. The research method used to analyse the related articles in the SA accounting research journals is based on various international studies. The following dimensions are assessed: authorship; research field; the nature of the research; and research methods. Authorship is classified by institution, and the top seven authors by relative contribution are also identified. Both empirical and theoretical work are classified separately in different research methods.FindingsThese different dimensions provide a broad‐based review of the current profile of accounting research in South Africa.Research limitations/implicationsOther refereed academic articles in the field of accounting have been published in non‐accounting specific SAPSE‐approved journals. These articles are also excluded from the scope of this research since the journals in which they are published have not been established by accounting academics specifically.Practical implicationsThe motivation for doing this research is to identify the current profile of accounting research in South Africa that could be used as a basis for future research‐related development.Originality/valueKnowledge of the profile of accounting research in South Africa could provide opportunities for scholars to expand identified research areas and explore methods that are currently under‐developed in the South African accountancy research field. The paper also acknowledges the contributions by the most prolific authors in the identified journals.

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