important design
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2022 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin A. Björling ◽  
Ada Kim ◽  
Katelynn Oleson ◽  
Patrícia Alves-Oliveira

Virtual reality (VR) offers potential as a collaborative tool for both technology design and human-robot interaction. We utilized a participatory, human-centered design (HCD) methodology to develop a collaborative, asymmetric VR game to explore teens’ perceptions of, and interactions with, social robots. Our paper illustrates three stages of our design process; ideation, prototyping, and usability testing with users. Through these stages we identified important design requirements for our mid-fidelity environment. We then describe findings from our pilot test of the mid-fidelity VR game with teens. Due to the unique asymmetric virtual reality design, we observed successful collaborations, and interesting collaboration styles across teens. This study highlights the potential for asymmetric VR as a collaborative design tool as well as an appropriate medium for successful teen-to-teen collaboration.


2022 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Lebedeva ◽  
Vasilisa Kuzminykh

The road network constitutes the main part of the transport system for both passenger and freight traffic. Achieving a sustainable road transport system including multimodal terminals, autonomous vehicles, intelligent transport systems, infrastructure are considered to be important design areas. The efficient use of the transport system is essential in terms of economic, environmental and social sustainability. Therefore, it is necessary to develop methods for optimizing the transportation process


2022 ◽  
pp. 179-207
Author(s):  
Syed Javaid Zaidi ◽  
Haleema Saleem

2022 ◽  
pp. 17-39
Author(s):  
Perla Velasco-Elizondo

What is software architecture? A clear and simple definition is that software architecture is about making important design decisions that you want to get right early in the development of a software system because, in the future, they are costly to change. Being a good software architect is not easy. It requires not only a deep technical competency from practicing software architecture design in industry, but also an excellent understanding of the theoretical foundations of software architecture are gained from doing software architecture research. This chapter describes some significant research, development, and education activities that the author has performed during her professional trajectory path to develop knowledge, skills, and experiences around this topic.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Kristiansen Nøland ◽  
Christian Hartmann ◽  
Runar Mellerud

Hydrogen-powered airplanes have recently attracted a revitalized push in the aviation sector to combat CO2 emissions. However, to also reduce, or even eliminate, non-CO2 emissions and contrails, the combination of hydrogen with all-electric solutions is undoubtedly the best option to move toward the ambitious goal of climate-neutral aviation. Another important design choice is to store hydrogen cryogenically in its liquid form (LH2) to reduce space occupation compared to storage as compressed gas. However, the LH2 fuels cannot be utilized directly in fuel cells. It needs to be brought from liquid to a gas at about 350 K, where large amounts of heat must be added. Thus, a synergy can be made from this otherwise wasted cryogenic refrigeration power where superconducting machines (SCMs) and cold power electronics (CPE) are low-hanging fruits that could lead to radical space and weight reductions onboard the aircraft. These opportunities can be realized without having to pay the price, nor the volume occupation and mass needed for the cooling ability usually needed to achieve these extraordinary performances. In fact, this ground-breaking synergy makes cryogenic energy conversion relevant in a whole new way for aviation. The SCMs’ more than five times higher power densities than their conventional counterparts are exceptionally significant. This article introduces the recently proposed cryo-electric drivetrain initiatives and explores the opportunities of using direct hydrogen cooling as a potential heating solution to enhance the overall performance and scalability of zero-emission propulsion systems in future regional aircraft.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Kristiansen Nøland ◽  
Christian Hartmann ◽  
Runar Mellerud

Hydrogen-powered airplanes have recently attracted a revitalized push in the aviation sector to combat CO2 emissions. However, to also reduce, or even eliminate, non-CO2 emissions and contrails, the combination of hydrogen with all-electric solutions is undoubtedly the best option to move toward the ambitious goal of climate-neutral aviation. Another important design choice is to store hydrogen cryogenically in its liquid form (LH2) to reduce space occupation compared to storage as compressed gas. However, the LH2 fuels cannot be utilized directly in fuel cells. It needs to be brought from liquid to a gas at about 350 K, where large amounts of heat must be added. Thus, a synergy can be made from this otherwise wasted cryogenic refrigeration power where superconducting machines (SCMs) and cold power electronics (CPE) are low-hanging fruits that could lead to radical space and weight reductions onboard the aircraft. These opportunities can be realized without having to pay the price, nor the volume occupation and mass needed for the cooling ability usually needed to achieve these extraordinary performances. In fact, this ground-breaking synergy makes cryogenic energy conversion relevant in a whole new way for aviation. The SCMs’ more than five times higher power densities than their conventional counterparts are exceptionally significant. This article introduces the recently proposed cryo-electric drivetrain initiatives and explores the opportunities of using direct hydrogen cooling as a potential heating solution to enhance the overall performance and scalability of zero-emission propulsion systems in future regional aircraft.


Author(s):  
BJÖRN REMNELAND WIKHAMN

There is increasing scholarly interest in how large corporations engage in open innovation with small entrepreneurial firms, with synergies potentially producing positive outcomes for both the involved parties and the surrounding ecosystem. “Lightweight models” of open innovation (LOIs) have recently been introduced, governed by trust and relationships rather than by equity ownership and transactional control. This paper introduces a design framework and an alignment model for LOIs, based on 19 inductively generated and highly interrelated design elements associated with five design themes. The study uses empirical data from 18 LOI initiatives in Sweden, and the framework explains important differences in their motives, value propositions, innovation localizations, involved participants, and forms of interactions. Applying a value perspective to open innovation highlights two different value logics, suggesting that LOI initiatives can approach value by emphasizing either value creation or value capture. These logics may greatly influence other important design elements of LOIs.


2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110507
Author(s):  
Narin S. Fatima ◽  
Robert E. Rowlands

Although the mechanical integrity of a member can be highly influenced by associated stresses, determining the latter can be very challenging for finite orthotropic composites containing cutouts. This is particularly so if the external loading is not well known, a common situation in practical situations. Acknowledging the above, a finite elliptically-perforated orthotropic tensile laminate is stress analyzed by combining measured displacement data with relevant analytical and numerical tools. Knowledge of the external loading is unnecessary. Results are verified independently and the concepts are applicable to other situations. The developed technology can provide important design-type information for orthotropic composites. In particular, the ability to apply analyses for perforated composite structures which assume infinite geometry to finite geometries is demonstrated.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11408
Author(s):  
Ja-Young Goo ◽  
Jae-Hyun Kim ◽  
Young Jae Lee ◽  
Soonjae Lee

A non-pumping reactive well (NPRW) is a subsurface structure that prevents contaminant spread using many non-pumping wells containing reactive media. For the construction of an effective NPRW, a sufficiently small spacing between wells is an important design factor to prevent contaminant leakage. However, close well construction is not recommended because of concerns about the decreased stability of adjacent wells under field conditions. In this research, we proposed a sawtooth array of NPRW as a practical configuration to minimize well spacing while meeting stability requirements in the field. To evaluate the performance of the novel NPRW configurations, a numerical modeling was conducted considering different well diameters and well spacings and their performance was compared taking into account the number of wells and the mass of the reactive material. The comparison results showed that the sawtooth configuration was more practical than a line of wells. The performance curve of NPRWs with the saw-toothed configuration was constructed from the relationship between the contaminant removal and configuration components (diameter and spacing of the well). This can be used to predict the contaminant removal performance of NPRWs with a sawtooth array.


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