Improved People Counting Algorithm for Indoor Environments using 60 GHz FMCW Radar

Author(s):  
Jonas Weib ◽  
Rodrigo Perez ◽  
Erwin Biebl
2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 5309-5323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efe Ozturk ◽  
Dieter Genschow ◽  
Uroschanit Yodprasit ◽  
Berk Yilmaz ◽  
Dietmar Kissinger ◽  
...  

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 452
Author(s):  
Alexey Noskov ◽  
Sebastian Achilles ◽  
Jörg Bendix

Systematic, practicable, and global solutions are required for insect monitoring to address species decline and pest management concerns. Compact frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar can facilitate these processes. In this work, we evaluate a 60 GHz low-range FMCW radar device for its applicability to insect monitoring. Initial tests showed that radar parameters should be carefully selected. We defined optimal radar configuration during the first experiment and developed a methodology for individual target observation. In the second experiment, we tried various individual-insect targets, including small ones. The third experiment was devoted to mass-insect-target detection. All experiments were intentionally conducted in very uncertain conditions to make them closer to a real field situation. A novel parameter, the Sum of Sequential Absolute Magnitude Differences (SSAMD), has been proposed for uncertainty reduction and noisy data processing. SSAMD enables insect target presence detection and biomass estimation. We have defined ranges of SSAMD for distinguishing noise, insects, and other larger targets (e.g., bats, birds, or other larger objects). We have provided evidence of the high correlation between insect numbers and the average of SSAMD values proving the biomass estimation possibility. This work confirms that such radar devices can be used for insect monitoring. We plan to use the evaluated system assembled with a light trap for real fieldwork in the future.


2011 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 132-137
Author(s):  
Tao Hu ◽  
Hao Jia Luo ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
Li Zhu

The people counting algorithms are widely applied in many areas. The algorithms may have lower counting accuracy or higher time complexity. To improve that, a new and high-accuracy people counting algorithm is proposed in this paper. It analyzes a background image and series population original images to calculate an average proportion for one person and create a two-dimensional table. Then it uses the average proportion and the two-dimensional table to count the number of people in test images. And two thresholds are adopted to regulate accuracy in counting.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Rony Kumer Saha

In this paper, by exploiting the frequency-domain, we propose a countrywide millimeter-wave (mmWave) spectrum allocation and reuse technique to allocate and reuse spatially the countrywide 28 GHz licensed spectrum and 60 GHz unlicensed spectrum to small cells (SCs) on each floor of a building of each Fifth-Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) Mobile Network Operator (MNO) of an arbitrary country. We develop an interference management scheme, model user statistics per SC, and interferer statistics per apartment and formulate the amount of the 28 GHz and 60 GHz spectra per MNO. We derive average capacity, spectral efficiency (SE), energy efficiency (EE), and cost efficiency (CE) when employing the proposed technique, as well as the traditional static licensed spectrum allocation technique. We discuss the implementation of the proposed technique and evaluate the performance under two scenarios, namely, SCs operate only in the 28 GHz in scenario 1, and both 28 GHz and 60 GHz in scenario 2. Extensive results and analyses are carried out for four MNOs, i.e., MNOs 1, 2, 3, and 4, in scenario 1. However, in scenario 2, in addition to MNOs 1, 2, 3, and 4, an incumbent Wireless Gigabit (WiGig) operator is considered. It is shown that the proposed technique with no co-channel interference can improve average capacity, SE, EE, and CE of MNO 1 by 3 times, 1.65 times, 75%, and 60%, respectively, in scenario 1, whereas 6.12 times, 5.104 times, 85.8%, and 83.15%, respectively, in scenario 2. Moreover, with an increase in reuse factors, SE increases linearly and EE increases negative exponentially. Further, we show that the proposed technique can satisfy SE and EE requirements for sixth-generation (6G) mobile systems. Finally, we discuss offered benefits and point out key issues of the proposed technique for further studies.


Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 2758
Author(s):  
Hyunmin Jeong ◽  
Sangkil Kim

This paper presents an educational low-cost C-band frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar system for use in indoor through-wall metal detection. Indoor remote-sensing applications, such as through-wall detection and positioning, are essential for the comprehensive realization of the internet of things or super-connected societies. The proposed system comprises a two-stage radio-frequency power amplifier, a voltage-controlled oscillator, circuits for frequency modulation and system synchronization, a mixer, a 3-dB power divider, a low-noise amplifier, and two cylindrical horn antennas (Tx/Rx antennas). The antenna yields gain values in the 6.8~7.8 range when operating in the 5.83~5.94 GHz frequency band. The backscattered Tx signal is sampled at 4.5 kHz using the Arduino UNO analog-to-digital converter. Thereafter, the sampled signal is transferred to the MATLAB platform and analyzed using a customized FMCW radar algorithm. The proposed system is built using commercial off-the-shelf components, and it can detect targets within a 56.3 m radius in indoor environments. In this study, the system could successfully detect targets through a 4 cm-thick ply board with a measurement accuracy of less than 10 cm.


2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (13) ◽  
pp. 1616-1628
Author(s):  
Narae Kim ◽  
Seunghyun Kim ◽  
Hyobeen Park ◽  
Yunho Jung ◽  
Seongjoo Lee

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