Cooperative transportation control in consideration of not only internal force but also external force applied to “MRWheel”

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koshi Kashiwazaki ◽  
Kazuhiro Kosuge ◽  
Yasuhisa Hirata ◽  
Yusuke Sugahara ◽  
Takashi Kanbayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
External Force ◽  
Internal Force ◽  
Cooperative Transportation

A diagram of the minimum necessary internal force required to resist external forces on two-point-grasped objects in two-dimensional space

Robotica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-864
Author(s):  
Satoshi Ito ◽  
Kohta Tanaka ◽  
Minoru Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
External Force ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Internal Force ◽  
Polar Coordinate System ◽  
Coordinate Frame ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Force Diagram ◽  
Contact Points ◽  
Polar Coordinate ◽  
External Forces

SUMMARYThis paper considers the magnitude of the gripping power, i.e., the internal force that depends on the grasping posture or object orientation in a two-dimensional grasp by two contact points with friction. Expressing the effect of variations in the object posture as the direction of an external force, we propose an “internal force diagram.” The internal force necessary to create a statically stable grasp is depicted in the object coordinate frame. Then, a polar coordinate system is introduced in which the orientation represents the direction of the external force, while the distance from the origin represents the minimum necessary internal force. We demonstrate a method based on friction cone configurations to manually draw the internal force diagram, using only a ruler and a compass. The validity of this drawing method is confirmed by a comparison with computer-generated plots. Finally, the characteristics of the internal force diagram are discussed.

scholarly journals The Elementary Dimensions’ Role in the Creation of the Source of Elementary Particles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivan Sirdy
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Gravitational Collapse ◽  
External Force ◽  
Internal Force ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
External Force Field ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Confined System

Before the creation of particles, there was a space devoid of matter and any sorts of radiations (electromagnetic radiations, heat radiations…), meaning in this space the absolute zero temperature is reached naturally. We will call this space an absolute void. It has four dimensions (the three dimensions of the space x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis and the force). The fourth dimension (the force) is the factor of change among the four. Those four are elementary dimensions. When the space dimensions increase the outward force subsequently increases as well and space increases its instability and loses its equilibrium. Now this region of space has only outward force when the outward force exceeds a certain limit, the system will be at its highest level of instability. To create equilibrium in the system the outward force collapses inward. The void inside the collapsed force will act as a void in a confined system. Meaning now, the void in a confined system is the source of the elementary particles. Now the created source is being managed by internal force and external force. The two forces will affect the source until equilibrium is reached between the internal and external forces of the source and the entities in its external force field effect. The source is a high energy entity. As before the creation of particles, there was infinity space of absolute void. Therefore, unlimited numbers of Sources were created. The gravitational collapse is one of the proofs for the theory. Where the gravitational collapse is similar to the process in which the Source gets created. However, the gravitational collapse product (only the black hole) may not be the Source itself. While the process that leads to its creation is the same as the Source creation. Which more proves that they are similar, the fact that the black hole is also a high energy entity just like the Source.

scholarly journals Development of 66kV Isolation Switch V Type Porcelain Column Fracture Insulation Protection Frame

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 03021
Author(s):  
Long Li ◽  
Song Yang ◽  
Pengfei Ren ◽  
Liwei Zheng ◽  
Yilin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
External Force ◽  
Simple Structure ◽  
Internal Force ◽  
Safety Hazard ◽  
Operation And Maintenance ◽  
Column Type ◽  
Safety And Reliability ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Flexible Operation

The mechanical strength of old 66kV disconnect switches (V-type porcelain column type) in outdoor substations has been affected by weather and daily operation for a long time, and the change of internal force of porcelain column caused by external force during open and closed circuit operation is very likely to cause porcelain column fracture, which poses a safety hazard to the safety of people and equipment. In order to ensure the safety of personal and equipment during operation and maintenance of the switch, this paper proposes a kind of insulation protection frame for 66kV disconnecting switch V-type porcelain column fracture. The simple structure, flexible operation, safety and reliability of this protective frame have been proved by practice that after using this protective frame in work, the efficiency of work is obviously improved and the safety of personal and equipment is effectively guaranteed.

The Unassailable Self: Freud's Image Among Post-war American Intellectuals

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Jenness
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cold War ◽  
External Force ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Human Being ◽  
World War ◽  
The Us ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Way

This paper explores the way American intellectuals depicted Sigmund Freud during the peak of popularity and prestige of psychoanalysis in the US, roughly the decade and a half following World War II. These intellectuals insisted upon the unassailability of Freud's mind and personality. He was depicted as unsusceptible to any external force or influence, a trait which was thought to account for Freud's admirable comportment as a scientist, colleague and human being. This post-war image of Freud was shaped in part by the Cold War anxiety that modern individuality was imperilled by totalitarian forces, which could only be resisted by the most rugged of selves. It was also shaped by the unique situation of the intellectuals themselves, who were eager to position themselves, like the Freud they imagined, as steadfastly independent and critical thinkers who would, through the very clarity of their thought, lead America to a more robust democracy.

Properties of turbulence driven by random external force in the Burgers model

2016 ◽  
Vol 186 (12) ◽  
pp. 1349-1353
Author(s):  
Kirill P. Zybin ◽  
Anton S. Il'yn
Keyword(s):  
External Force ◽  
Burgers Model

Differences in muscular activation and fatigue for intermittent and constant load

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
Danuta Roman-Liu ◽  
Krzysztof Kȩdzior
Keyword(s):  
External Force ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Median Frequency ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Emg Signal ◽  
Limb Posture ◽  
Muscular Activation

The aim of this study was to compare the influence of constant or intermittent load on muscle activation and fatigue. The analysis and assessment of muscular activation and fatigue was based on surface EMG measurements from eight muscles (seven muscles of the right upper limb and trapezius muscle). Two EMG signal parameters were analyzed for each of the experimental conditions distinguished by the value of the external force and the character of the load – constant or intermittent. The amplitude related to its maximum (AMP) and the slope of the regression line between time and median frequency (SMF) were the EMG parameters that were analyzed. The results showed that constant load caused higher muscular fatigue than intermittent load despite the lower value of the external force and lower muscle activation. Results suggest that additional external force might influence muscle activation and fatigue more than upper limb posture. The results of the study support the thesis that all biomechanical factors which influence upper limb load and fatigue (upper limb posture, external force and time sequences) should be considered when work stands and work processes are designed. They also indicate that constant load should be especially avoided.

scholarly journals Internal Force on and Deformation of Steel Assembled Supporting Structure of Foundation Pit under Thermal Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2225
Author(s):  
Fu Wang ◽  
Guijun Shi ◽  
Wenbo Zhai ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Internal Force ◽  
Foundation Pit ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element

The steel assembled support structure of a foundation pit can be assembled easily with high strength and recycling value. Steel’s performance is significantly affected by the surrounding temperature due to its temperature sensitivity. Here, a full-scale experiment was conducted to study the influence of temperature on the internal force and deformation of supporting structures, and a three-dimensional finite element model was established for comparative analysis. The test results showed that under the temperature effect, the deformation of the central retaining pile was composed of rigid rotation and flexural deformation, while the adjacent pile of central retaining pile only experienced flexural deformation. The stress on the retaining pile crown changed little, while more stress accumulated at the bottom. Compared with the crown beam and waist beam 2, the stress on waist beam 1 was significantly affected by the temperature and increased by about 0.70 MPa/°C. Meanwhile, the stress of the rigid panel was greatly affected by the temperature, increasing 78% and 82% when the temperature increased by 15 °C on rigid panel 1 and rigid panel 2, respectively. The comparative simulation results indicated that the bending moment and shear strength of pile 1 were markedly affected by the temperature, but pile 2 and pile 3 were basically stable. Lastly, as the temperature varied, waist beam 2 had the largest change in the deflection, followed by waist beam 1; the crown beam experienced the smallest change in the deflection.

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