Automatic human brain MRI volumetric analysis technique using EM-algorithm

Abstract We have investigated the volume effects on hydrogen diffusion properties in both sorption and desorption processes by employing a volumetric analysis technique. The total uptake (𝐶∞), total desorbed content (𝐶0), sorption diffusion coefficient (Ds), desorption diffusion coefficient (Dd), sorption and desorption equilibrium time of hydrogen in two rubbery polymers are determined relative to the diameter and thickness of the cylindrical sample in the two processes. 𝐶∞ and 𝐶0 do not demonstrate the appreciable volume dependence for all rubbers. The identical values in 𝐶∞ and 𝐶0 indicate the reversibility between sorption and desorption, which is interpreted by the occurrence of physisorption rather than chemisorption by introducing hydrogen molecules. The larger Dd values in the desorption process than Ds may be attributed to increased amorphous phase and volume swelling caused by increased hydrogen voids and polymer chain scission after decompression. The time to reach equilibrium in both sorption and desorption processes was found to be linearly proportional to the square of thickness above an aspect ratio of 3.7, which is consistent with the numerical simulations based on the solution of Fick’s law. This finding could be used to predict the equilibrium adsorption time depending on the sample size in the polymer.

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The neural representational space of social memory

10.1101/130351 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sarah L. Dziura ◽

James C. Thompson

Keyword(s):

Social Networks ◽

Human Brain ◽

Incidental Learning ◽

Functional Neuroimaging ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Temporoparietal Junction ◽

Representational Space ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

The Social ◽

Multivariate Pattern

AbstractSocial functioning involves learning about the social networks in which we live and interact; knowing not just our friends, but also who is friends with our friends. Here we utilized a novel incidental learning paradigm and representational similarity analysis (RSA), a functional MRI multivariate pattern analysis technique, to examine the relationship between learning social networks and the brain's response to the faces within the networks. We found that accuracy of learning face pair relationships through observation is correlated with neural similarity patterns to those pairs in the left temporoparietal junction (TPJ), the left fusiform gyrus, and the subcallosal ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), all areas previously implicated in social cognition. This model was also significant in portions of the cerebellum and thalamus. These results show that the similarity of neural patterns represent how accurately we understand the closeness of any two faces within a network, regardless of their true relationship. Our findings indicate that these areas of the brain not only process knowledge and understanding of others, but also support learning relations between individuals in groups.Significance StatementKnowledge of the relationships between people is an important skill that helps us interact in a highly social world. While much is known about how the human brain represents the identity, goals, and intentions of others, less is known about how we represent knowledge about social relationships between others. In this study, we used functional neuroimaging to demonstrate that patterns in human brain activity represent memory for recently learned social connections.

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Highest Resolution In Vivo Human Brain MRI Using Prospective Motion Correction

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0133921 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. e0133921 ◽

Cited By ~ 85

Author(s):

Daniel Stucht ◽

K. Appu Danishad ◽

Peter Schulze ◽

Frank Godenschweger ◽

Maxim Zaitsev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Brain ◽

Motion Correction ◽

Brain Mri

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An Improved EM Algorithm for Statistical Segmentation of Brain MRI

Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning – IDEAL 2006 - Lecture Notes in Computer Science ◽

10.1007/11875581_8 ◽

2006 ◽

pp. 65-72

Author(s):

Yong Yang

Keyword(s):

Em Algorithm ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Statistical Segmentation

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High-resolution reconstruction of human brain MRI image based on local polynomial regression

2009 4th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering ◽

10.1109/ner.2009.5109279 ◽

2009 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Z. G. Zhang ◽

S. C. Chan ◽

X. Zhang ◽

E. Y. Lam ◽

E. X. Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Human Brain ◽

Polynomial Regression ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Local Polynomial Regression ◽

Local Polynomial ◽

High Resolution Reconstruction ◽

Mri Image

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Improving tissue segmentation of human brain MRI through preprocessing by the Gegenbauer reconstruction method

NeuroImage ◽

10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00260-x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 489-502 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Rick Archibald ◽

Kewei Chen ◽

Anne Gelb ◽

Rosemary Renaut

Keyword(s):

Human Brain ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Reconstruction Method ◽

Tissue Segmentation ◽

Gegenbauer Reconstruction

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TBCRC 018: Phase II study of iniparib plus chemotherapy to treat triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) central nervous system (CNS) metastases (mets).

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.515 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 515-515 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carey K. Anders ◽

Allison Mary Deal ◽

Vandana Gupta Abramson ◽

Minetta C. Liu ◽

Anna Maria Storniolo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Benefit ◽

Topoisomerase I ◽

Molecular Subtype ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Predictive Biomarkers ◽

Volumetric Analysis ◽

Repair Gene ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Dna Repair Gene ◽

Cancer Agent

515 Background: Nearly half of women with advanced TNBC develop CNS mets. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of iniparib, a small molecule anti-cancer agent that penetrates the blood brain barrier (BBB), and the topoisomerase I inhibitor, irinotecan, in patients (pts) with TNBC CNS mets. Methods: Eligible pts had TNBC with new or progressive CNS mets with at least 1 measurable (> 5mm) lesion. Pts received irinotecan 125mg/m2 IV days (d) 1, 8 and iniparib (initial dose 5.6mg/kg, later changed to 8mg/kg) IV d 1, 4, 8, 11 every 21d. Tumor response rate (RR) was assessed by brain MRI and body CT every 9 weeks. The Kaplan Meier method estimated the primary endpoint of time to progression (TTP, intracranial [modified RECIST] or extracranial [RECIST 1.1]). Secondary endpoints were RR, PFS, OS, quality of life (QOL) and correlative endpoints. Results: Of 37 pts who began treatment, 34 were evaluable for efficacy. Mean age was 48 yrs (34 – 80 yrs). BRCA status was known for 16 patients of whom 5 had a mutation (4 BRCA1, 1 BRCA2). 88% received prior (neo)adjuvant and 68% prior metastatic chemotherapy (median 2 [1–14] lines). While 15% were CNS radiation (RT) naïve, 32% had received whole brain RT, 21% stereotactic RT, and 32% both. The most common grade (gr) 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia (14%), fatigue (5%), leukopenia (5%), hypokalemia (5%). Diarrhea was common (54%), but gr 3/4 was rare (3%). Median TTP (CNS and non-CNS) was 2.1 months (mos) (95% CI 1.7–4.3) and OS was 7.6 mos (95% CI 5.1-10.2). First progression site was CNS in 39%, non-CNS in 29% or both in 32%. CNS best RR was (12%; 0 CRs, 4 PRs); CNS clinical benefit rate (CBR, CR + PR + SD ≥ 6 mos) was 30%. Non-CNS RR was 5% (0 CRs, 1 PR) and CBR was 11%. Conclusions: Iniparib and irinotecan was well-tolerated among pts with TNBC CNS mets. While TTP was shorter than expected and contribution of iniparib to irinotecan remains uncertain, 30% of pts demonstrated CNS clinical benefit raising the question of whether predictive biomarkers could be identified. QOL, volumetric analysis of CNS lesions and translational studies evaluating molecular subtype, germline BRCA1/2, and DNA repair gene expression/methylation are ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT01173497.

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