Heart Rate Variability During Long-Term Air Traffic Control in Cadets

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr volf ◽  
Patrik Kutilek ◽  
Jan Hejda ◽  
Pavel Smrcka ◽  
Vaclav Krivanek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic

The Economics of Air Traffic Control

1980 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Angus Hislop
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Private Industry ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk

This paper is based mainly on a study carried out in 1976/7 for the UK Department of Industry into the long-term development of air traffic control systems in Europe by a team drawn from the Civil Aviation Authority, the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment and private industry, in which Coopers and Lybrand provided the economic expertise.Until the early 1970s, air traffic control was almost completely neglected by air transport economists. Economists contributed to the planning of airports and airline operations but not to the third facet of the air transport system. However, in 1970–1, in conjunction with a programme of expansion and improvement of the country's airports and airways, the US Department of Transportation launched a major study of the airport and airways system. This was designed to establish an equitable charging policy between the different categories of user but in the event its recommendations in this area have only recently begun to be followed.

Fully-Automated, Pilot-Monitored Air Traffic Control

1978 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-267
Author(s):  
R. L. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Underlying Assumption ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Airport Capacity ◽  
Time Required

A recently completed preliminary long-term study of air traffic control systems in Europe1 suggests that traffic density is likely at least to double before the end of the century. The study also concludes that, apart from the problem of airport capacity, which was not considered, the existing ATC systems in Europe will not be able to cope with such an increase in traffic. There is therefore a need to consider methods of increasing the capacity of the European ATC system or providing a new system and, in view of the time required to effect significant changes to such systems, the task is becoming urgent.Assumingthere is to be no deterioration insafety, theprime requirements for any proposed changes are economy and flexibility. Apart from its obvious intrinsic value, economy is necessary because there is an increasing trend towards recovering the total cost of ATC from the user. Higher charges are therefore likely to stultify the growth in air transport and an underlying assumption is that this would be undesirable. Flexibility is required because traffic forecasts so far into the future are likely to be in error and the system design must allow for this because there is likely to be some economic penalty if the forecast proves to be either too high or too low.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Biomarkers’ Inherent Timescales in Mental Workload Assessment During Simulated Air Traffic Control Tasks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thea Radüntz ◽  
Thorsten Mühlhausen ◽  
Marion Freyer ◽  
Norbert Fürstenau ◽  
Beate Meffert
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Time Slot ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Band Ratio ◽  
Cardiovascular Biomarkers

Abstract One central topic in ergonomics and human-factors research is the assessment of mental workload. Heart rate and heart rate variability are common for registering mental workload. However, a major problem of workload assessment is the dissociation among different workload measures. One potential reason could be the disregard of their inherent timescales and the interrelation between participants’ individual differences and timescales. The aim of our study was to determine if different cardiovascular biomarkers exhibit different timescales. We focused on air traffic controller and investigated biomarkers’ ability to distinguish between conditions with different load levels connected to prior work experience and different time slots. During an interactive real-time simulation, we varied the load situations with two independent variables: the traffic volume and the occurrence of a priority-flight request. Dependent variables for registering mental workload were the heart rate and heart rate variability from two time slots. Our results show that all cardiovascular biomarkers were sensitive to workload differences with different inherent timescales. The heart rate responded sooner than the heart rate variability features from the frequency domain and it was most indicative during the time slot immediately after the priority-flight request. The heart rate variability parameters from the frequency domain responded with latency and were most indicative during the subsequent time slot. Furthermore, by consideration of biomarkers’ inherent timescales, we were able to assess a significant effect of work experience on heart rate and mid/high frequency-band ratio of the heart rate variability. Results indicated that different cardiovascular biomarkers reveal different inherent timescales.

Collision Avoidance and the Future of Air Traffic Control

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ratcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
General Problem ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Alternative Solutions

This paper is a report on some early findings of a long-term study which has the ambitious objective of suggesting better alternative solutions to the general problem of controlling a collection of aircraft. The study aims to answer questions about the optimum division of responsibility between the aircrew and ground A.T.C., about the way in which the A.T.C. tasks are shared between a number of controllers and A.T.C. computers, and about the fundamental principles on which traffic flow is organized.

The Impact of Workload on Heart Rate and Blood Pressure in En-Route and Tower Air Traffic Control

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Vogt ◽  
Tim Hagemann ◽  
Michael Kastner
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Ambulatory Monitoring ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Impact

This paper reports three studies on the application of ambulatory monitoring in air traffic control (ATC). The aim of the first study was to explore a set of psychophysiological measures with respect to ATC workload sensitivity and feasibility at the workplace. Nearly all physiological measures showed the expected changes during work. Significant positive correlations were found between cardiovascular responses and the number of aircraft under control, especially heavy, fast, climbing, and descending aircraft. The following en-route (Study 2) and tower (Study 3) simulations identified the relative impact of air traffic features. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, self-reported concentration, and upset were significantly higher in the simulations with 12 aircraft continuously under control compared to only 6. A high versus low number of potential conflicts between aircraft in the en-route setting (Study 2) also caused significant increases of heart rate, systolic blood pressure, self-reported concentration, and upset. On the basis of these results, a new workload model for air traffic controllers was suggested and implemented.

The Long-term Plan for Air Traffic Control

1961 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-294
Author(s):  
V. A. M. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Supersonic Aircraft ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Traffic Control System

This paper by the Director of Control and Navigation at the Ministry of Aviation, reviews the present state of planning for air traffic control in the United Kingdom. It indicates that whilst progress is evolutionary and continuous, big steps take place approximately every ten years. The author concentrates on four principal facets of air traffic control which cause the most acute problems, namely the medium-haul operations in densely populated areas; the terminal problem; long-distance operations over the Atlantic; and low-level, short routes in the south-east of England.The paper outlines the basic air traffic control system of the future and indicates the ways that data processing and radar may be used. It makes a short reference to the specific problems of the supersonic aircraft and concludes by referring to two principal experimental projects now in hand to enhance our knowledge of data processing with respect to air traffic control.

Workload Perception of Air Traffic Control Officers and Pilots During Continuous Descent Operations Approach Procedures

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-11
Author(s):  
Marina Efthymiou ◽  
Frank Fichert ◽  
Olaf Lantzsch
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Reduce Fuel Consumption ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Open Path

Abstract. The paper examines the workload perceived by air traffic control officers (ATCOs) and pilots during continuous descent operations (CDOs), applying closed- and open-path procedures. CDOs reduce fuel consumption and noise emissions. Therefore, they are supported by airports as well as airlines. However, their use often depends on pilots asking for CDOs and controllers giving approval and directions. An adapted NASA Total Load Index (TLX) was used to measure the workload perception of ATCOs and pilots when applying CDOs at selected European airports. The main finding is that ATCOs’ workload increased when giving both closed- and open-path CDOs, which may have a negative impact on their willingness to apply CDOs. The main problem reported by pilots was insufficient distance-to-go information provided by ATCOs. The workload change is important when considering the use of CDOs.

How to Evaluate Remote Tower Metrics in Connection With Weather Observations

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maik Friedrich ◽  
Christoph Möhlenbrink
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Weather Event ◽  
Evaluation Of Performance ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Weather Observations ◽  
Validation Experiment ◽  
Remote Controller

Abstract. Owing to the different approaches for remote tower operation, a standardized set of indicators is needed to evaluate the technical implementations at a task performance level. One of the most influential factors for air traffic control is weather. This article describes the influence of weather metrics on remote tower operations and how to validate them against each other. Weather metrics are essential to the evaluation of different remote controller working positions. Therefore, weather metrics were identified as part of a validation at the Erfurt-Weimar Airport. Air traffic control officers observed weather events at the tower control working position and the remote control working position. The eight participating air traffic control officers answered time-synchronized questionnaires at both workplaces. The questionnaires addressed operationally relevant weather events in the aerodrome. The validation experiment targeted the air traffic control officer’s ability to categorize and judge the same weather event at different workplaces. The results show the potential of standardized indicators for the evaluation of performance and the importance of weather metrics in relation to other evaluation metrics.

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