Effects of Selfishness on the Energy Consumption in Opportunistic Networks: A Performance Assessment

Author(s):  
Salah Eddine Loudari ◽  
Nabil Benamar
Author(s):  
I Wayan Eka Mahendra

This study aims to determine the effect of formative assessment and learning approach to the mathematics learning outcome after controlling the numerical aptitude. It was a quasi-experiment with a sample of 186 students obtained by using multistage random sampling technique with 2x2 factorial designs. The data were analyzed by ANCOVA. After controlling the numerical aptitude, the results are: the mathematics learning outcome of the students who followed a contextual approach was better than the ones who followed a conventional learning approach, the mathematics learning outcome of the students who were given a performance assessment was better than the ones who were given a conventional assessment, the interaction between the learning approach and formative assessment affected the students learning outcome for mathematics, the students who followed a contextual learning approach were more suitable to be given a performance assessment, whereas the ones who followed a conventional learning approach were more appropriate to be given a conventional assessment. Based on the research findings, junior high school teachers are suggested to improve their students learning outcome for mathematics. Then, teachers need to use a learning approach and formative assessment accurately and correctly. 


Author(s):  
Bharath Ramakrishnan ◽  
Husam Alissa ◽  
Ioannis Manousakis ◽  
Robert Lankston ◽  
Ricardo Bianchini ◽  
...  

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 8058
Author(s):  
Christian E. Galarza ◽  
Jonathan M. Palma ◽  
Cecilia F. Morais ◽  
Jaime Utria ◽  
Leonardo P. Carvalho ◽  
...  

This paper proposes a new theoretical stochastic model based on an abstraction of the opportunistic model for opportunistic networks. The model is capable of systematically computing the network parameters, such as the number of possible routes, the probability of successful transmission, the expected number of broadcast transmissions, and the expected number of receptions. The usual theoretical stochastic model explored in the methodologies available in the literature is based on Markov chains, and the main novelty of this paper is the employment of a percolation stochastic model, whose main benefit is to obtain the network parameters directly. Additionally, the proposed approach is capable to deal with values of probability specified by bounded intervals or by a density function. The model is validated via Monte Carlo simulations, and a computational toolbox (R-packet) is provided to make the reproduction of the results presented in the paper easier. The technique is illustrated through a numerical example where the proposed model is applied to compute the energy consumption when transmitting a packet via an opportunistic network.


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