Bricks and Behavior: The Repair and Maintenance Costs of Housing for Persons with Mental Illness

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Newman ◽  
Joseph Harkness ◽  
George Galster ◽  
James Reschovsky
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
And Behavior

Charney & Nestler's Neurobiology of Mental Illness

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Complex Genetics ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Section Viii ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
And Behavior

In the years following publication of the DSM-5, the field of psychiatry has seen vigorous debate between the DSM’s more traditional, diagnosis-oriented approach and the NIMH’s more biological, dimension-based RDoC approach. Charney & Nestler’s Neurobiology of Mental Illness is an authoritative foundation for translating information from the laboratory to clinical treatment, and this edition extends beyond its reference function to acknowledge and examine the controversies and thoughts on the future of psychiatric diagnosis. In this wider context, this book provides information from numerous levels of analysis including molecular biology and genetics, cellular physiology, neuroanatomy, neuropharmacology, epidemiology, and behavior. Section I, which reviews the methods used to examine the biological basis of mental illness in animal and cell models and in humans, has been expanded to reflect important technical advances in complex genetics, epigenetics, stem cell biology, optogenetics, neural circuit functioning, cognitive neuroscience, and brain imaging. These established and emerging methodologies offer groundbreaking advances in our ability to study the brain and breakthroughs in our therapeutic toolkit. Sections II through VII cover the neurobiology and genetics of major psychiatric disorders: psychoses, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, dementias, and disorders of childhood onset. Also covered within these sections is a summary of current therapeutic approaches for these illnesses as well as the ways in which research advances are now guiding the search for new treatments. The last section, Section VIII, focuses on diagnostic schemes for mental illness. This includes an overview of the unique challenges that remain in diagnosing these disorders given our still limited knowledge of disease etiology and pathophysiology. The section then provides reviews of DSM-5 and RDoC. Also included are chapters on future efforts toward precision and computational psychiatry, which promise to someday align diagnosis with underlying biological abnormalities.

Screening for Mental Illness: The Merger of Eugenics and the Drug Industry

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Hassner Sharav
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Medication Treatment ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
United States Population ◽  
Behavioral Abnormalities ◽  
Children First ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

The implementation of a recommendation by the President’s New Freedom Commission (NFC) to screen the entire United States population—children first—for presumed, undetected, mental illness is an ill-conceived policy destined for disastrous consequences. The “pseudoscientific” methods used to screen for mental and behavioral abnormalities are a legacy from the discredited ideology of eugenics. Both eugenics and psychiatry suffer from a common philosophical fallacy that undermines the validity of their theories and prescriptions. Both are wed to a faith-based ideological assumption that mental and behavior manifestations are biologically determined, and are, therefore, ameliorated by biological interventions. NFC promoted the Texas Medication Algorithm Project (TMAP) as a “model” medication treatment plan. The impact of TMAP is evident in the skyrocketing increase in psychotropic drug prescriptions for children and adults, and in the disproportionate expenditure for psychotropic drugs. The New Freedom Commission’s screening for mental illness initiative is, therefore, but the first step toward prescribing drugs. The escalating expenditure for psychotropic drugs since TMAP leaves little doubt about who the beneficiaries of TMAP are. Screening for mental illness will increase their use.

Early mortality and mental illness: ‘Fatal’ Discrimination

2015 ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Anindya Das ◽  
Mohan Rao ◽  
Mercian Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
General Population ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Early Mortality ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
And Behavior

Worldwide research has provided evidence of premature death in people with mental illness (as compared to the general population). Moreover, in recent decades, the mortality gap between the preceding two groups has not shown any decline even in countries with the most accessible/responsive health systems. This essay considers mortality to be influenced by a multiplicity of factors, many of which, in addition, influence the rate of occurrence and recovery from mental illnesses. The essay examines these factors and analyses them through the lens of structural discrimination (defined as institutional and social structures that perpetuate norms, practices and behavior that deny opportunities/rights to others, often members of a minority). The implications for India in this regard are also reflected upon.

GENOMICS OF SUICIDAL IDEATION AND BEHAVIOR IN VETERANS WITH SEVERE MENTAL ILLNESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. S34
Author(s):  
Philip Harvey ◽  
Tim Bigdeli ◽  
Ayman Fanous ◽  
Mihaela Aslan ◽  
Ning Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
And Behavior

Social rituals as an early indicator of mental illness

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S572-S573
Author(s):  
A. Janca ◽  
J. Gaspar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Early Indicator ◽  
The Social ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
And Behavior

IntroductionSocial rituals refer to routine and expected social activities that are practiced in all communities in a culturally recognized manner (e.g., social greetings, eating customs, attention to dress, sleeping rituals etc.). Persistent departures from or disregard of these social rituals may be an early or prodromal sign of the onset of mental illness.Objectives(1) To develop and evaluate psychometric properties of a measure of social rituals entitled, Social Rituals Schedule (SRS); (2) to evaluate the reliability and cross-cultural applicability of this measure.MethodsThe SRS was administered to 30 psychiatric patients and their nominated relative/friend. The cross-cultural evaluations were conducted using focus groups of Ethiopian (n = 30), Australian Indigenous (n = 100), Iranian (n = 22), and Indian (n = 50) participants.ResultsThe SRS demonstrated moderate to high inter-rater reliability and patient-informant concordance. The social ritual domains were found to be valid, well understood and applicable across the sampled cultures [1].ConclusionsThe concept of social rituals and the SRS instrument were demonstrated to be feasible, reliable and cross-culturally applicable tools for measuring changes in people's appearance and behavior that might be indicative of emerging mental illness.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Satellite Imaging of Global Urbanicity relates to Brain and Behavior in Young People

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunter Schumann ◽  
JIAYUAN XU ◽  
Xiaoxuan Liu ◽  
Alex Ing ◽  
QIAOJUN LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Young People ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
General Measure ◽  
Brain And Behavior ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Urbanicity is a growing environmental challenge for mental-health. While the impact of urban life on brain and behavior might be distinct in different sociocultural conditions and geographies, there might exist features shared between regions. To investigate correlations of urbanicity with brain structure and function, neuropsychology and mental illness symptoms in young people from China and Europe, we developed a remote-sensing satellite-measure termed ‘UrbanSat’ quantifying population-density, a general measure of urbanicity. UrbanSat is correlated with brain volume, surface area and brain-network-connectivity in the medial prefrontal cortex and cerebellum, which mediate its effect on perspective-taking and depression- symptoms. Susceptibility to high population-density is greatest during childhood for the cerebellum and from childhood to adolescence for the prefrontal cortex. As UrbanSat can be generalized to different geographies, it will enable assessing the impact of urbanicity on mental illness and resilience globally, especially in young people where prevention and early interventions are most effective.

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