Biochemical recognition in seeds: Germination of Rumex obtusifolius is promoted by leaves of facilitative adult conspecifics

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-242
Author(s):  
Haruna Ohsaki ◽  
Hiromi Mukai ◽  
Akira Yamowo
Planta Medica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Habibi ◽  
K Piri ◽  
J Salari ◽  
H Hajalizadeh
Keyword(s):  

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2160-2166
Author(s):  
Elena Todirascu Ciornea ◽  
Gabriela Dumitru ◽  
Ion Sandu

The using of the pesticides of dinitrophenol type in agriculture has as consequence the major pollution of the environment, the plants taking these substances from the soil and once with these ones they reach in the human and animal organism where they product disequilibrium that are interpreted through the accumulation of free oxygen radicals with direct repercussions on the antioxidant enzyme�s synthesis intensification and on their activity�s increase. The apply of treatments on the barley seeds had significant effects regarding the seeds� germination, the young plants� growth, the oxidative stress enzymes� activity, but also regarding the content of photoassimilators and carotenoids pigments.


Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 761
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Farag ◽  
Mohamed G. Sharaf El-Din ◽  
Mohamed A. Selim ◽  
Asmaa I. Owis ◽  
Sameh F. Abouzid ◽  
...  

Legume sprouts are a fresh nutritive source of phytochemicals of increasing attention worldwide owing to their many health benefits. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was utilized for the metabolite fingerprinting of 4 major legume sprouts, belonging to family Fabaceae, to be exploited for quality control purposes. Thirty-two metabolites were identified belonging to different classes, i.e., fatty acids, sugars, amino acids, nucleobases, organic acids, sterols, alkaloids, and isoflavonoids. Quantitative NMR was employed for assessing the major identified metabolite levels and multivariate data analysis was utilized to assess metabolome heterogeneity among sprout samples. Isoflavones were detected exclusively in Cicer sprouts, whereas Trigonella was characterized by 4-hydroxyisoleucine. Vicia sprouts were distinguished from other legume sprouts by the presence of L-Dopa versus acetate abundance in Lens. A common alkaloid in all sprouts was trigonelline, detected at 8–25 µg/mg, suggesting its potential role in legume seeds’ germination. Trigonelline was found at highest levels in Trigonella sprouts. The aromatic NMR region data (δ 11.0–5.0 ppm) provided a better classification power than the full range (δ 11.0–0.0 ppm) as sprout variations mostly originated from secondary metabolites, which can serve as chemotaxonomic markers.


2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Kozlowski

No ano agrícola 2000/2001 foi conduzido, na Fazenda Experimental Gralha Azul/PUCPR, um experimento de campo com o objetivo de determinar o período crítico para prevenção da interferência das plantas daninhas sobre a cultura do milho, determinado com base na fenologia da cultura. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso em arranjo fatorial 2x7, com quatro repetições. Os 14 tratamentos testados foram resultados da combinação de duas séries de tratamentos: com a cultura em períodos iniciais de crescimento em competição com as plantas daninhas, e com a cultura em períodos iniciais de crescimento sem competição; estes períodos iniciais foram caracterizados por estádios fenológicos da cultura do milho - V2, V4, V6, V8 e V10 - e duas testemunhas. O experimento foi instalado em uma área sob plantio direto, com semeadura realizada de acordo com a tecnologia recomendada para a cultura, com adubações no sulco e em cobertura e tratamentos fitossanitários, para que as plantas de milho se desenvolvessem normalmente. O período crítico de prevenção da interferência ocorreu entre os estádios fenológicos V2 e V7, e a interferência das plantas daninhas reduziu em média 87% o rendimento de grãos da testemunha em competição durante todo o ciclo da cultura em relação à testemunha sem competição com as plantas daninhas, por todo o ciclo. Com relação à comunidade infestante, as dicotiledôneas representaram 22,3% das plantas daninhas, destacando-se as espécies Taraxacum officinale, Senecio brasiliensis, Rumex obtusifolius e Bidens pilosa, e as monocotiledôneas, 77,7% da comunidade infestante, com destaque para Brachiaria plantaginea. O acúmulo de biomassa seca das plantas de milho, a população final e o número de espigas por planta não foram afetados pela interferência das plantas daninhas.


2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 561-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hejcman ◽  
S. Vondráčková ◽  
V. Müllerová ◽  
K. Červená ◽  
J. Száková ◽  
...  

Rumex obtusifolius is a troublesome weed widely spread in temperate grasslands and can be potentially used for detection of soils contaminated by trace elements. We asked how emergence and survival of its seedlings are affected by application of quick lime (Ca) and superphosphate (P) additives in soils contaminated by trace elements. We performed the pot seeding experiment with slightly acid Litavka soil contaminated by arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) and alkaline Malín soil contaminated by As, Cd, and Zn. We used a control without any additives, Ca and P treatments in both soils. Higher and quicker emergence, together with substantially higher mortality of seedlings, was recorded in Litavka than in Malín. A positive effect of the Ca treatment on seedlings was recorded in Litavka, but a negative in Malín. Small seedlings with narrow and long leaves of reddish colour were recorded in Litavka in the control and in the P treatment both with high availability of Zn, Cd, and Pb. In the Ca treatment, leaves of seedlings were more elliptic and less reddish. In Malín, seedlings were green and substantially more vital in the control and in the P treatment than in Litavka. In the Ca treatment, small and unviable seedlings were recorded. Seedlings of R. obtusifolius are sensitive on high availability of Ca, Zn, Cd, and Pb in the soil.    


2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Lone ◽  
R. C. Colombo ◽  
B. L. G. Andrade ◽  
L. S. A. Takahashi ◽  
R. T. Faria

Abstract The germination characteristics of the native cactus species are poorly known, being the temperature and the light the factors that the most interferes in that process. Thus, the objective of the present work was to characterize the fruits and evaluate the influence of the temperature and the light in the seed germination of Rhipsalis floccosa, Rhipsalis pilocarpa and Rhipsalis teres. The tested constant temperatures were 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C and the alternate of 20-30 °C and 25-35 °C in a photoperiod of 10 hours, and with determination of the most appropriate temperature, the germination was tested in light absence. The germination percentage, the index of germination speed and medium time of germination were evaluated. For R. floccosa, the highest germination percentage was at 20 °C. For R. pilocarpa and R. teres, the highest germination percentages occurred in 15 °C and 20 °C. There was correlation to germination percentage between the three species, indicating that they had similar germination behavior. Total absence of germination was verified for the three species in condition of light absence. In conclusion, the temperature of 20 °C is the most suitable for the seed germination of R. floccosa. For the species R. pilocarpa and R. teres, the temperatures of 15 and 20 °C are the most suitable.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
M. Ya. Kyrpa ◽  
◽  
D. V. Kovalov ◽  
Keyword(s):  

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 1043-1043
Author(s):  
S. H. Hong ◽  
Y. H. Lee ◽  
Y. J. Choi ◽  
H. D. Shin

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