scholarly journals Role of asymmetric cell division in lifespan control inSaccharomyces cerevisiae

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1133-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Higuchi-Sanabria ◽  
Wolfgang M.A. Pernice ◽  
Jason D. Vevea ◽  
Dana M. Alessi Wolken ◽  
Istvan R. Boldogh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division

scholarly journals Regulation of the meiotic divisions of mammalian oocytes and eggs

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica R. Sanders ◽  
Keith T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Spindle Assembly Checkpoint ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Mammalian Oocyte ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Meiosis I

Initiated by luteinizing hormone and finalized by the fertilizing sperm, the mammalian oocyte completes its two meiotic divisions. The first division occurs in the mature Graafian follicle during the hours preceding ovulation and culminates in an extreme asymmetric cell division and the segregation of the two pairs of homologous chromosomes. The newly created mature egg rearrests at metaphase of the second meiotic division prior to ovulation and only completes meiosis following a Ca2+ signal initiated by the sperm at gamete fusion. Here, we review the cellular events that govern the passage of the oocyte through meiosis I with a focus on the role of the spindle assembly checkpoint in regulating its timing. In meiosis II, we examine how the egg achieves its arrest and how the fertilization Ca2+ signal allows the initiation of embryo development.

Asymmetric cell division and differentiation; fern spore germination as a model. II. Ultrastructural studies

1985 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 227-230
Author(s):  
Alix R. Bassel
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Nuclear Migration ◽  
Silver Stain ◽  
Metal Binding Sites ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Fern Spore Germination

SynopsisThe germination of Onoclea spores is a model system with many advantages for the study of asymmetric cell division and cellular differentiation. Our results suggest that both microtubules and a lipophilic site are important in the nuclear migration to one end of the spore prior to asymmetric cell division. A metalbinding region containing pore-like structures in the proximal face of the spore coat may be a source of the inherent polarity of the spore. The pattern of endogenous metal binding during germination has been characterised using a sulphide-silver stain. Metal-binding sites are described in a differentiating system in which polarity is imposed externally using polarised red light. The possibility of a role of ion gradients in determining the direction of nuclear migration is discussed.

The role of GlsA in the evolution of asymmetric cell division in the green alga Volvox carteri

2003 ◽  
Vol 213 (7) ◽  
pp. 328-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Cheng ◽  
Rachel Fowler ◽  
Lai-wa Tam ◽  
Lisseth Edwards ◽  
Stephen M. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Volvox Carteri

scholarly journals The Role of Cytoplasmic MEX-5/6 Polarity in Asymmetric Cell Division

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungrim Seirin-Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Mother Cell ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Cytoplasmic Protein ◽  
Cell Geometry

AbstractIn the process of asymmetric cell division, the mother cell induces polarity in both the membrane and the cytosol by distributing substrates and components asymmetrically. Such polarity formation results from the harmonization of the upstream and downstream polarities between the cell membrane and the cytosol. MEX-5/6 is a well-investigated downstream cytoplasmic protein, which is deeply involved in the membrane polarity of the upstream transmembrane protein PAR in the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo. In contrast to the extensive exploration of membrane PAR polarity, cytoplasmic polarity is poorly understood, and the precise contribution of cytoplasmic polarity to the membrane PAR polarity remains largely unknown. In this study, we explored the interplay between the cytoplasmic MEX-5/6 polarity and the membrane PAR polarity by developing a mathematical model that integrates the dynamics of PAR and MEX-5/6 and reflects the cell geometry. Our investigations show that the downstream cytoplasmic protein MEX-5/6 plays an indispensable role in causing a robust upstream PAR polarity, and the integrated understanding of their interplay, including the effect of the cell geometry, is essential for the study of polarity formation in asymmetric cell division.

A new role of Klumpfuss in establishing cell fate during the GMC asymmetric cell division

2014 ◽  
Vol 358 (2) ◽  
pp. 621-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Gabilondo ◽  
María Losada-Pérez ◽  
Ignacio Monedero ◽  
Arturo Torres-Herráez ◽  
Isabel Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division

The Significant Role of Centrosomes in Stem Cell Division and Differentiation

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heide Schatten ◽  
Qing-Yuan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Primary Cilia ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Stem Cell Maintenance ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽  
Mother And Daughter ◽  
Stem Cell Division

AbstractThe role of centrosomes in stem cell division has recently been highlighted and further ascribes important functions to centrosomes in stem cell maintenance, cellular differentiation, and development. Advanced cell and molecular studies coupled with immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, and live cell imaging of specific centrosome proteins have contributed greatly to our knowledge of centrosome composition, structure, and dynamics and have uncovered new insights into mechanisms of centrosome functions in asymmetric cell division. The establishment of asymmetry and differential positioning of mother and daughter centrosomes during stem cell mitosis is important for allowing one cell to maintain stem cell characteristics while the sibling cell undergoes differentiation. Another key role for centrosomes has been revealed in primary cilia of embryonic stem cells that play significant roles in cellular signaling and are therefore critically important for stem cell decisions. Studies of signaling through primary cilia may contribute important information that may aid in the production of specific cells that are suitable for tissue repair and regeneration in the field of regenerative medicine.

scholarly journals Understanding the role of asymmetric cell division in cancer usingC. elegans

2010 ◽  
pp. NA-NA ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Hyenne ◽  
Nicolas T. Chartier ◽  
Jean-Claude Labbé
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division

scholarly journals Phases of cortical actomyosin dynamics coupled to the neuroblast polarity cycle

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chet Huan Oon ◽  
Kenneth E Prehoda
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Daughter Cell ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
Size Asymmetry ◽  
Early Mitosis

The Par complex dynamically polarizes to the apical cortex of asymmetrically dividing Drosophila neuroblasts where it directs fate determinant segregation. Previously we showed that apically directed cortical movements that polarize the Par complex require F-actin (Oon and Prehoda, 2019). Here we report the discovery of cortical actomyosin dynamics that begin in interphase when the Par complex is cytoplasmic but ultimately become tightly coupled to cortical Par dynamics. Interphase cortical actomyosin dynamics are unoriented and pulsatile but rapidly become sustained and apically-directed in early mitosis when the Par protein aPKC accumulates on the cortex. Apical actomyosin flows drive the coalescence of aPKC into an apical cap that is depolarized in anaphase when the flow reverses direction. Together with the previously characterized role of anaphase flows in specifying daughter cell size asymmetry, our results indicate that multiple phases of cortical actomyosin dynamics regulate asymmetric cell division.

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