Associations of cannabis use frequency and cannabis use disorder with receiving a substance use screen and healthcare professional discussion of substance use

BackgroundCannabis Use Disorder (CUD) is an emerging and diverse challenge among older adults.MethodsThe Canadian Coalition for Seniors’ Mental Health, with financial support from Health Canada, has produced evidencebased guidelines on the prevention, identification, assessment, and treatment of this form of substance use disorder.ConclusionsOlder adults may develop CUD in the setting of recreational and even medical use. Clinicians should remain vigilant for the detection of CUD, and they should be aware of strategies for prevention and managing its emergence and consequences The full version of these guidelines can be accessed at www.ccsmh.ca.

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Relationships between age at first substance use and persistence of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-11023-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Seán R. Millar ◽

Deirdre Mongan ◽

Bobby P. Smyth ◽

Ivan J. Perry ◽

Brian Galvin

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Secondary Prevention ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Cannabis User ◽

Cannabis Use Disorder ◽

Private Households ◽

Linear Relationships ◽

National Drug ◽

Frequency Of Use

Abstract Background From a secondary prevention perspective, it is useful to know who is at greatest risk of progressing from substance initiation to riskier patterns of future use. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine relationships between age at first use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis and patterns of cannabis use, frequency of use and whether age of substance use onset is related to having a cannabis use disorder (CUD). Methods We analysed data from Ireland’s 2010/11 and 2014/15 National Drug Prevalence Surveys, which recruited 5134 and 7005 individuals respectively, aged 15 years and over, living in private households. We included only those people who reported lifetime cannabis use. Multinomial, linear and binary logistic regression analyses were used to determine relationships between age of substance use onset and patterns of cannabis use, frequency of use and having a CUD. Results When compared to former users, the odds of being a current cannabis user were found to be reduced by 11% (OR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.95) and 4% (OR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.00) for each year of delayed alcohol and cannabis use onset, respectively. Among current users, significant inverse linear relationships were noted, with increasing age of first use of tobacco (β = − 0.547; P < .001) and cannabis (β = − 0.634; P < .001) being associated with a decreased frequency of cannabis use within the last 30 days. The odds of having a CUD were found to be reduced by 14% (OR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.94) and 11% (OR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.98) for each year of delayed tobacco and cannabis use onset respectively in analyses which examined survey participants aged 15–34 years. Conclusions Among people who report past cannabis use, it is those with a more precocious pattern of early use of substances, including alcohol, and especially tobacco and cannabis, who are more likely to report ongoing, heavy and problematic cannabis use. Secondary prevention initiatives should prioritise people with a pattern of very early onset substance use.

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Male-Dominated Occupations and Substance Use Disorders in Young Adulthood

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988320908105 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 155798832090810

Author(s):

Bonnie Leadbeater ◽

Megan E. Ames ◽

Alejandra Contreras

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Drug Use ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Illicit Drug Use ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Cannabis Use Disorder ◽

Work Intensity ◽

Male Dominated

This article examined associations between male-dominated occupations and substance use disorders in young adulthood, accounting for adolescent experiences of work intensity (more than 15 hr a week at 16 to 17 years of age) and substance use (i.e., smoking, heavy drinking, cannabis, and illicit drug use). The moderating effects of biological sex and coming from a family with a low socioeconomic status (SES) were also assessed. Data were from a 10-year prospective study of community-based youth aged 12–18 in 2003 (T1; N = 662; 48% male; Mage = 15.5, SD = 1.9). Their occupations at ages 22–29 were categorized so that higher scores indicated more male-dominated occupations. Young adults in male-dominated occupations (more than 75% males) had lower education, worked in less prestigious occupations, and earned higher hourly wages than those in the other gendered-occupation groups. Work intensity in high school was associated with substance use at ages 18–25 and substance use was also associated with alcohol- and cannabis-use disorder symptoms and illicit drug use in young adulthood (ages 22–29). Adding to these effects, employment in a male-dominated occupation was associated with more cannabis-use disorder symptoms for the low, but not the high SES group. Public health messages need greater focus on preventing substance use disorders among individuals employed in male-dominated jobs in young adulthood. Efforts to promote self-assessment of problematic substance use and motivation to change may be particularly important for young workers.

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DSM-5 cannabis use disorder, substance use and DSM-5 specific substance-use disorders: Evaluating comorbidity in a population-based sample

European Neuropsychopharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.06.004 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (8) ◽

pp. 732-743 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Amie C. Hayley ◽

Con Stough ◽

Luke A. Downey

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Population Based ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Cannabis Use Disorder ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

Specific Substance

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The Epidemiology of Substance Use Disorders among the Adult Jewish Population in Israel

European Addiction Research ◽

10.1159/000513776 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Ruth Lev Bar-Or ◽

Ariel Kor ◽

Iman Jaljuli ◽

Shaul Lev-Ran

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Jewish Population ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Well Being ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Cannabis Use Disorder ◽

Age Group ◽

Increased Risk

Introduction: Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, having a profound and global impact on health, well-being, safety, and productivity. Although traditionally the prevalence of SUDs in Israel has been estimated to be lower than those in high-income countries, estimates and characteristics of individuals with SUDs in the past decade are lacking. In this work, we explored the prevalence of SUDs among the adult Jewish population in Israel, per different classes of substances across sex, age group, and other sociodemographic factors. Methods: Data from an online representative sample of 4,025 respondents were collected, including the alcohol, smoking, and substance involvement screening test (ASSIST) metric and sociodemographic data. Results: We found that the most common SUDs were alcohol (10.5% [9.5–11.4]), cannabis (9.0% [8.2–9.9]), and sedative (3.6% [3.0–4.2]) use disorders. Alcohol-cannabis (3.2% [2.7–3.7]) and alcohol-sedative (1.04% [0.7–1.35]) were the most prevalent co-occurring SUDs. Among those with cannabis use disorder, the prevalence of alcohol use disorder was found to be 35.3% [30.4–40.2]. The estimated risk for alcohol use disorder was found to be inversely proportional to age, cannabis use disorder increased, peaked, and decreased with age, and that of sedative use disorder increased with age, particularly among women. While older individuals (in the 51–60 years of age group) were at lower risk (OR = 0.5 [0.3, 0.8]) compared to those <20 years of age for alcohol use disorder, they were at increased risk for sedative use disorder (OR = 3.1 [1.2, 9.7]). Conclusions: These findings represent substantially higher rates of SUDs in Israel than those previously reported and should affect resources allocated to addiction prevention and treatment. Further research on the role of gender, age, culture, and ethnicity in the propensity to develop SUDs is necessary for the development of more focused preventive and intervention measures. Focusing on non-Jewish populations in Israel and broadening the scope to include behavioral addictions should be addressed in future studies.

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Effectiveness of attentional bias modification training as add-on to regular treatment in alcohol and cannabis use disorder: A multicenter randomized control trial

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0252494 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. e0252494

Author(s):

Janika Heitmann ◽

Madelon E. van Hemel-Ruiter ◽

Mark Huisman ◽

Brian D. Ostafin ◽

Reinout W. Wiers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Attentional Bias ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Cannabis Use Disorder ◽

Attentional Bias Modification ◽

Long Term Treatment ◽

Engagement And Disengagement ◽

Bias Modification ◽

Relapse Rates

Background Attentional bias for substance-relevant cues has been found to contribute to the persistence of addiction. Attentional bias modification (ABM) interventions might, therefore, increase positive treatment outcome and reduce relapse rates. The current study investigated the effectiveness of a newly developed home-delivered, multi-session, internet-based ABM intervention, the Bouncing Image Training Task (BITT), as an add-on to treatment as usual (TAU). Methods Participants (N = 169), diagnosed with alcohol or cannabis use disorder, were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: the experimental ABM group (50%; TAU+ABM); or the control group (50%; split in two subgroups the TAU+placebo group and TAU-only group, 25% each). Participants completed baseline, post-test, and 6 and 12 months follow-up measures of substance use and craving allowing to assess long-term treatment success and relapse rates. In addition, attentional bias (both engagement and disengagement), as well as secondary physical and psychological complaints (depression, anxiety, and stress) were assessed. Results No significant differences were found between conditions with regard to substance use, craving, relapse rates, attentional bias, or physical and psychological complaints. Conclusions The findings may reflect unsuccessful modification of attentional bias, the BITT not targeting the relevant process (engagement vs. disengagement bias), or may relate to the diverse treatment goals of the current sample (i.e., moderation or abstinence). The current findings provide no support for the efficacy of this ABM approach as an add-on to TAU in alcohol or cannabis use disorder. Future studies need to delineate the role of engagement and disengagement bias in the persistence of addiction, and the role of treatment goal in the effectiveness of ABM interventions.

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Neurobehavior disinhibition, parental substance use disorder, neighborhood quality and development of cannabis use disorder in boys

Drug and Alcohol Dependence ◽

10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.01.009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 102 (1-3) ◽

pp. 71-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Ty A. Ridenour ◽

Ralph E. Tarter ◽

Maureen Reynolds ◽

Ada Mezzich ◽

Levent Kirisci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Substance Use Disorder ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Cannabis Use Disorder ◽

Neighborhood Quality ◽

Parental Substance Use

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Attentional Bias in Alcohol and Cannabis Use Disorder Outpatients as Indexed by an Odd-One-Out Visual Search Task: Evidence for Speeded Detection of Substance Cues but Not for Heightened Distraction

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.626326 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Janika Heitmann ◽

Peter J. de Jong

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Visual Search ◽

Attentional Bias ◽

Search Task ◽

Visual Search Task ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Cannabis Use Disorder ◽

Attentional Processes ◽

Comparison Groups ◽

The Difference

Current cognitive models of addiction imply that speeded detection and increased distraction from substance cues might both independently contribute to the persistence of addictive behavior. Speeded detection might lower the threshold for experiencing craving, whereas increased distraction might further increase the probability of entering a bias-craving-bias cycle, thereby lowering the threshold for repeated substance use. This study was designed to examine whether indeed both attentional processes are involved in substance use disorders. Both attentional processes were indexed by an Odd-One-Out visual search task in individuals diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (AUD; n = 63) and cannabis use disorder (CUD; n = 28). To test whether the detection and/or the distraction component are characteristic for AUD and CUD, their indices were compared with matched individuals without these diagnoses (respectively, n = 63 and n = 28). Individuals with CUD showed speeded detection of cannabis cues; the difference in detection between AUD and the comparison group remained inconclusive. Neither the AUD nor the CUD group showed more distraction than the comparison groups. The sample size of the CUD group was relatively small. In addition, participants made relatively many errors in the attentional bias (AB) task, which might have lowered its sensitivity to detect ABs. The current study provided no support for the proposed role of increased distraction in CUD and AUD. The findings did, however, provide support for the view that speeded detection might be involved in CUD. Although a similar trend was evident for AUD, the evidence was weak and remained therefore inconclusive.

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