Chronic Pain among Individuals Experiencing Homelessness and Its Interdependence with Opioid and Other Substance Use and Mental Illness

Chronic pain and substance use disorders are serious conditions that are prevalent among homeless populations. The aim of this study was to examine the association between chronic pain and substance use among individuals experiencing homelessness and mental illness. We analyzed cross-sectional data from two sites of the At Home/Chez Soi study (Vancouver and Toronto) using bivariate statistics and multivariate logistic regression. Substance use and chronic pain parameters were assessed with the Maudsley Addiction Profile and purpose-designed short instruments. The sample comprised 828 participants. Mean age was 42.4 years and 54% reported chronic pain. In bivariate analysis, chronic pain was significantly associated with use of opioids and stimulants, daily substance use, polysubstance use and injecting as route of administration. In multivariate analysis, only daily substance use (OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.02–2.09) and injecting (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.08–3.05) remained as significant associated factors, whereas neither use of opioids nor use of stimulants specifically were significantly associated with chronic pain. Among participants with chronic pain, daily substance users (50% vs. 22%, p < 0.001) and injectors (66% vs. 24%, p < 0.001) were more likely to use non-prescribed medication for pain. Participants with daily substance use were less likely to receive professional treatment (52% vs. 64%, p = 0.017) and prescribed pain medication (42% vs. 54%, p = 0.023). Our findings suggest an association of chronic pain with patterns related to severity of substance use rather than to specific substance use in homeless persons with mental illness. Interventions aiming at prevention and treatment of chronic pain in this population should consider severity of substance use and associated risk behavior over use of specific substances.

Psychopathy, Borderline Personality Disorder, and Substance Use in Incarcerated Females

Psychopathy and borderline personality disorder (BPD) are commonly associated with an increased propensity toward substance use. However, few studies have accounted for shared variance between psychopathy and BPD when examining relationships with unique forms of substance use, particularly in justice-involved females. This study investigated psychopathic and BPD traits in relation to alcohol and drug use in a sample of 274 incarcerated adult females. Results revealed that psychopathic and BPD traits were differentially related to alcohol and drug use. Specifically, unique variance in BPD traits was related to alcohol use, whereas unique variance in lifestyle-antisocial psychopathic traits was related to drug use. Findings support unique relationships between psychopathic and BPD traits and problematic and prolonged alcohol and drug use in incarcerated adult females. Results may inform methods of tailoring specific substance use treatments for use in females with distinct personality profiles.

Development of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y486–based biosensor carrying both CPR-CYP3A4 and DIN7-GFP constructs for mutagenicity testing of procarcinogens

In the world and Vietnam, a great number of toxic substances from industrial and agricultural activities, food production, and healthcare services are daily released into the environment. Many exogenous harmful substances are procarcinogens, but become carcinogens by the bioactivation of human cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs). Thus, development of analytical testing for rapid detection of procarcinogens plays a crucial role in food safety and environmental monitoring. This study aims to establish a biosensor basing on Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y486 cotransformed with two promoter–gene constructs, CYP3A4–CPR and DIN7–GFP. The results showed that all recombinant proteins were coexpressed in Y486 cells. The molecular weight of recombinant CPR and CYP3A4 were 75 kDa and 56 kDa, respectively. CYP3A4 enzyme only showed its catalytic activity in biotransformation of the specific substance as coexpressed with CPR. Kinetic constants, Km, Vmax, and Vmax/Km, of this CPR–CYP3A4 enzyme complex were 3.2 µM, 3.5 pmol/pmol CYP/min, and 1.1 μL/pmol CYP/min, respectively. Coexpressing constructs of CPR–CYP3A4 and DIN7-GFP in Y486 strain was able to identify aflatoxin B1 in the range of 0.1 - 0.4 µM; benzo(c)pyrene in the range of 10 - 40 µM. However, this system could not detect other procacinogens, such as, N-Nitrosodimethylamine, at any investigated concentrations. These findings were the first trial for further development of other biosensors to determine diverse procarcinogens in the enviroment by redesign of coexpressing constructs or replacement of the specific CYPs and inducible promoters.

HOW IMPORTAN IS THE CONTENT VALIDITY ON ENGLISH FINAL EXAMINATION

The substance legitimacy is one of kinds of legitimacy that analyzes rightness of substance. Content legitimacy is regularly dictated by subject specialists who judge the degree to which a test evaluates fitting substance. Three sorts of approval which is significant in educating and learning measure, to be specific substance legitimacy, face legitimacy, and build legitimacy. From the three sorts of legitimacy, content legitimacy has the significant parts in deciphering the test as the device of assessment, with the goal that the educator can quantify understudies' capacity successfully. Content legitimacy is manage the substance of test thing that tried is reflected of the educational plan or not, content legitimacy requires te assessment of each test thing for its significance to the expected build. While Final Examination is one of tests directed in school and given to the understudies for passing evaluation to next level. Assessments assume a focal part in the instructive framework, assessment is a test to quantify the information on an individual or understudy. Tests are additionally made as an assessment apparatus to gauge how much information and abilities gained.

History of Insulin Discovery

Insulin therapy is one of the most important methods of treating diabetes, and it is indispensable for type 1 diabetes. Thanks to insulin, diabetes has ceased to be a deadly disease, leading to death in a matter of months. For a number of years, until the discovery of insulin, diabetes was an almost incurable disease. Adherence to a strict diet with a restriction of carbohydrates was considered the only method of treatment, however, this diet led to the exhaustion of already weakened patients, and helped to prolong life for only a few years. Scientists from different countries unsuccessfully tried to solve this problem by conducting numerous experiments on animals, and only at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries the hope of success appeared. In 1889, the famous scientist Oskar Minkowski (1858-1931) found that diabetes would certainly develop as a result of the removal of the dog’s pancreas. Thus, it became clear that the pancreas produces not only digestive enzymes, but also some other specific substance that prevents the development of diabetes. It took years to isolate this substance, first called ayletin, and subsequently insulin, and finally, in 1922, a long-awaited breakthrough happened in this area. In 1923, the Nobel Prize in the nomination "Medicine and Physiology" was awarded to two scientists - Frederick Banting and John Macleod, and humanity received the long-awaited cure from diabetes thanks to their discovery.

Optimalisasi Fungsi Masjid Untuk Keaktifan Mahasiswa

This research aims to analyze the function of the Kemanggisan at-Taqwa Mosque and campus mosques in terms of Worship, Education, Missionary Endeavor, Economy, Social Community, Politics, Health, Technology, Islamic Brotherhood, and Cadreization. Other objectives are the optimization of the function of the Kemanggisan at-Taqwa Mosque and several campus mosques, the transformation of mosque programs towards student activities and discovering the concept of mosque programs that are relevant to student activities.The mosque that was made the object of observation was the at-Taqwa mosque of the West Jakarta Kemanggisan Tax Complex with the consideration that the mosque is a central mosque that cooperates with 116 mosques in West Jakarta and close to 5 universities, namely: Trisakti University, Tarumanagara University, Esa Unggul University, Bina Nusantara University, and Mercu Buana University. This research period lasts from January 2019 - August 2019.This research uses a qualitative approach which is a study that uses an approach to find a deepening of symptoms that have specific substance which in this case pertains to student activities in the mosque. These findings will be analyzed using existing theories.The results of the research analysis showed that the role of students in the prosperity of the at-Taqwa mosque showed a declining trend in terms of quantity and quality and some campus mosque programs were not optimal. The author found several concept programs for students to further optimize the function of the mosque in the fields of worship, education, missionary endeavor, economics, social, political, technology, health, Islamic brotherhood and regeneration