scholarly journals Editorial: variability in adalimumab trough and peak serum concentrations - authors’ reply

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1476-1477
Author(s):  
M. G. Ward ◽  
P. R. Gibson ◽  
M. P. Sparrow
Keyword(s):  
Peak Serum ◽  
Serum Concentrations

Comparison of serum fluoride levels after administration of monofluorophosphate-calcium carbonate or sodium fluoride: differences in peak serum concentrations

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 1082-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Erlacher ◽  
H. Teufelsbauer ◽  
P. Bernecker ◽  
P. Pietschmann ◽  
M. Weissel
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Peak Serum ◽  
Serum Concentrations

Efficacy of Penicillin Prophylaxis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-583
Author(s):  
J. HESS ◽  
Y. HOLLOWAY ◽  
J. DANKERT
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Bacterial Endocarditis ◽  
Peak Serum ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Penicillin Prophylaxis

In Reply.— Studies evaluating the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis for bacterial endocarditis in patients undergoing dental extractions are numerous, but studies dealing with the association between the peak serum concentrations achieved by the antibiotic used and the occurrence of postextraction bacteremia are lacking. It is questionable whether higher dosages than the dosages used in our study would have prevented the occurrence of postextraction bacteremia, because no relationship was found betwen the occurrence of postextraction bacteremia and postextraction serum penicillin concentrations.

Potentially Toxic Theophylline Dose Recommendations

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-276
Author(s):  
Leslie Hendeles ◽  
Richard Wyatt ◽  
Miles Weinberger
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Range ◽  
Peak Serum ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Dosage Recommendation ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Dose Recommendations

We are alarmed by the theophylline dosage recommendation published in a recent Quibron advertisement in Pediatrics (61:A8-A9, April 1978) and labeled as "New Pediatric Dosage" on the outside of sample packages of Quibron Elixir that are mailed to pediatricians. These recommendations, in some cases, approach the excessive doses that produced seizures and death in children during the 1950s.1 Some patients who are rapid metabolizers may require the larger doses recommended in the Quibron advertisement in order to achieve peak serum concentrations in the therapeutic range of 10 to 20 µg/ml.

Kanamycin and Gentamicin Dosage in Newborn Infants

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 336-336
Author(s):  
R. J. H.
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Depression ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Dosage Schedule ◽  
Peak Serum ◽  
Intravenous Route ◽  
Serum Concentrations

An abstract, in the August issue of PIR (1:61, 1979) was entitled Kanamycin and Gentamicin, and yet the dosage schedule was only for kanamycin. The point of the abstract was to indicate that the aminoglycosides can be given safely and effectively by the intravenous route to newborn infants, but should not be given by "push" infusion since this may result in peak serum concentrations, which may result in respiratory depression. What was unclear is that the dose of gentamicin should be lower than that of kanamycin. It should have been made clear that in the newborn the dose of gentamicin is 5 mg/kg/24 hr divided into two doses. After 7 days of age the dose is 7.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided into three doses every eight hours. The dose given for kanamycin is correct, and is about 3 times what the dose of gentamicin is for the newborn.

BLOOD LEVELS OF SYNTHETIC GLUCOCORTICOIDS AFTER ADMINISTRATION BY VARIOUS ROUTES

1979 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUKITAKA MIYACHI ◽  
HIDEKI YOTSUMOTO ◽  
TAKASHI KANO ◽  
AKIRA MIZUCHI ◽  
TETSUICHIRO MUTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Peak Serum ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Synthetic Glucocorticoids ◽  
Synthetic Glucocorticoid

SUMMARY Using reliable radioimmunoassay methods, the concentrations of prednisolone, prednisolone-hemisuccinate, betamethasone and betamethasone-17-benzoate were determined after administration by various routes. Serum prednisolone and betamethasone concentrations increased to peak levels 2 h after oral administration and then decreased gradually. The half-times of disappearance of prednisolone and betamethasone from blood, after a single oral dose, were both approximately 180–220 min. Five to fifteen minutes after intramuscular injections of 20 mg prednisolone-hemisuccinate the peak serum concentration was 63·7 ± 7·4 μg/ 100 ml and 30 min later plasma unesterified prednisolone reached its highest level (28·8 ± 2·6 μg/100 ml). The administration of steroids through the rectum induced gradual increases in the levels of serum steroids, reaching a maximum of 25% of the peak serum concentrations observed after oral administration. Plasma betamethasone-17-benzoate levels of 300 ng/ 100 ml were observed after topical application of betamethasone-17-benzoate gel to the skin. In patients with liver disease, the clearance of betamethasone was very slow compared with that in normal control subjects and significant amounts were retained in the blood 24 h after oral administration, showing that the liver is the most important organ for the metabolism of synthetic glucocorticoid. The concentrations of prednisolone and prednisolone-hemisuccinate in the cerebrospinal fluid were very low after the intramuscular injection of prednisolone-hemisuccinate, confirming the relative impermeability of the blood–brain barrier to polar steroids.

scholarly journals Validation of Cycloserine Efficacy in Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Beijing, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Yu ◽  
Xiling Zeng ◽  
Wenhui Shi ◽  
Yanjie Hu ◽  
Wenjuan Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Peak Serum ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Mdr Tb

ABSTRACTCycloserine (Cs) is recommended by the World Health Organization as a second-line drug to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB); however, its efficacy has never been sufficiently evaluated. To gain some insights into the value of cycloserine for MDR-TB treatment,in vitrobacteriostatic effect was determined and patient validations were performed prospectively. Thein vitroactivity of Cs against 104 wild-typeMycobacterium tuberculosisstrains was determined, and serum Cs concentrations were measured for 73 MDR TB patients 2 h after administration. The treatment outcomes for 27 MDR-TB patients who had baseline isolates and were treated with Cs-containing regimens were followed up. The MICs for 90% of the recruited 104 wild-type strains were below 32 μg/ml. Eighteen out of 52 patients had peak serum concentrations (Cmax) below 20 μg/ml at the dosage of 500 mg daily, while 13 out of 21 patients had peak serum concentrations higher than 35 μg/ml at the dosage of 750 mg daily. The percentage of favorable treatment outcomes among patients with aCmax/MIC ratio of ≥1 was statistically significantly higher than that among the group with aCmax/MIC ratio of <1 (P= 0.022). The epidemiological cutoff value for Cs susceptibility testing was 32 μg/ml. A high percentage of patients receiving the recommended dosage of 10 mg/kg for Cs administration could not acquire desirable blood concentrations; therefore, adjusting the dosage according to drug concentration monitoring is necessary. TheCmax/MIC ratio might be a good indicator for predicting the treatment outcome for patients with MDR-TB or extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) who are being administered Cs-containing regimens.

The bioavailability of thyroxine and 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine in normal subjects and in hyper- and hypothyroid patients

1985 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjeld Hasselström ◽  
Kaj Siersbæk-Nielsen ◽  
lb Bo Lumholtz ◽  
Jens Faber ◽  
Carsten Kirkegaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Clinical Implication ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Peak Serum ◽  
New Method ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients

Abstract. A new method for the estimation of the bioavailability of thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) is described based on gel separation followed by antibody extraction of labelled T4 and T3 from serum, and using the area under the curve of disappearance of the tracer (AUC) for the calculations. The peak serum concentrations of radioactive labelled T4 and T3 were reached approximately 90 min after oral administration of both tracers. The relative difference of duplicate estimations was below 10% (n = 3). The bioavailability of T4 in 6 euthyroid controls was in median 65% (range 64–75%), and it was significantly increased both in hyperthyroidism (88% (75–99%), n = 6, P < 0.01) and hypothyroidism (84% (67–100%), n = 6, P<0.02). The bioavailability of T3 in 6 euthyroid controls was in median 78% (69–99%) and significantly greater than that of T4 (P < 0.02). The bioavailability was unaffected by hyperthyroidism (79% (61–98%), n = 9) and hypothyroidism (77% (66–97%), n = 7). No significant difference between T4 and T3 bioavailabilities was found in hyper- or hypothyroidism. The clinical implication of the present study is that the bioavailability of T4 and T3 is almost identical and approximately 80% in patients with severe hypothyroidism.

Treatment of Pseudomonal Endocarditis with High-Dose Aminoglycosides

1982 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 700-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Rybak ◽  
Steven C. Boike ◽  
Paul W. Bush
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Peak Serum ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Drug Abuser ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Intravenous Drug Abuser ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Aminoglycoside Therapy ◽  
Trough Concentrations

High-dose aminoglycoside therapy (6–8 mg/kg/d) in an intravenous drug abuser with Pseudomonas aeruginosa endocarditis is described. The dose of tobramycin was adjusted to achieve peak serum concentrations of 15–20 μg/ml and trough concentrations of 〈 2 μg/ml. Significant drug-induced toxicities were not observed. Treatment of P. aeruginosa endocarditis with high-dose aminoglycosides may be appropriate and beneficial in selected patients.

Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Amoxicillin and Ampicillin in Infants and Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles M. Ginsburg ◽  
George H. McCracken ◽  
Marion L. Thomas ◽  
Joan Clahsen
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Peak Serum ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Type B ◽  
Group A ◽  
In Infants And Children

The pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin and ampicillin were studied in 24 infants and children. Mean peak serum concentrations of 5.4 µg/ml in fasting and 3.2 µg/ml in nonfasting patients were observed after 15 mg/kg amoxicillin doses. Area under the curve values and serum half-life values were similar in fasting and nonfasting patients. The pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin (15 mg/kg) were compared to those of ampicillin (25 mg/kg). Peak serum concentrations, area under the curve values and half-life times were comparable for the two drugs. Amoxicillin (25 mg/kg) and ampicillin (25 mg/kg) were compared in cross-over fashion in 11 children. Serum concentrations of amoxicillin were consistently larger than those of ampicillin; the differences were of borderline significance at one and two hours and statistically significant at four and six hours after the dosage. The bioavailability of amoxicillin was twice that of ampicillin. Amoxicillin was detected in approximately half of the saliva samples studied. Although the salivary concentrations in many children exceeded the inhibitory level for most pneumococci and group A streptococci and for many non-β lactamase-producing Haemophilus influenzae type b strains, the clinical relevance of these observations is unknown.

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