scholarly journals What reduces prejudice in the real world? A meta‐analysis of prejudice reduction field experiments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wing Hsieh ◽  
Nicholas Faulkner ◽  
Rebecca Wickes
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Prejudice Reduction ◽  
The Real

scholarly journals What reduces prejudice in the real world? A meta-analysis of prejudice reduction field experiments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsieh ◽  
Nicholas Faulkner ◽  
Rebecca Wickes
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Students ◽  
Real World ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Prejudice Reduction ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
What Works

Despite advances to promote acceptance and equity in many countries, prejudice remains a significant social problem. Promoting intergroup harmony requires knowledge about what works to reduce prejudice in community settings. This systematic review and meta-analysis of field experiments undertaken since 2009 reveals the most effective intervention types and conditions for reducing negative attitudes towards minority groups in real-world settings. Across 34 intervention arms and 7522 participants, results reveal that prejudice reduction interventions are effective at improving attitudes towards minority groups in real world settings (SMD = 0.37, [0.19; 0.56] 95 per cent confidence interval). Subgroup analyses indicate that some of the less commonly explored approaches, such as perceived variability and perspective taking, may have larger effect sizes than those using contact-based interventions. Additionally, results show that interventions are more effective for primary and secondary students than other groups, and further, the effect of prejudice reduction interventions endures over time.

scholarly journals Clinical efficacy of chloroquine derivatives in COVID-19 infection: comparative meta-analysis between the big data and the real world

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 100709 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Million ◽  
P. Gautret ◽  
P. Colson ◽  
Y. Roussel ◽  
G. Dubourg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Real World ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Real

scholarly journals Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of apixaban compared to rivaroxaban in acute VTE in the real world

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (15) ◽  
pp. 2381-2387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madan Raj Aryal ◽  
Rohit Gosain ◽  
Anthony Donato ◽  
Han Yu ◽  
Anjan Katel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Indirect Comparison ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Minor Bleeding ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Bleeding Events ◽  
The Real ◽  
Recurrent Vte ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Both apixaban and rivaroxaban have been approved for use in acute venous thromboembolism (VTE). Although indirect comparison through network meta-analyses of randomized trials have been performed to compare the efficacy and safety of these agents, further comparison between these agents was lacking until recently. We sought to systematically review and carry out a meta-analysis of studies to further compare apixaban with rivaroxaban from multiple studies done in the real-world settings. Studies comparing rivaroxaban with apixaban in patients with acute VTE were identified through electronic literature searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and the Cochrane library up to May 2019. Study-specific risk ratios (RRs) were calculated and combined using a random-effects model meta-analysis. In an analysis involving 24 041 patients, recurrent VTE within 6 months occurred in 56 of 4897 patients (1.14%) in the apixaban group and 258 of 19 144 patients (1.35%) in the rivaroxaban group (RR, 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67-1.19; P = .45). Clinically relevant major bleeding occurred in 85 of 11 559 patients (0.74%) in the apixaban group and 350 of 33 909 patients (1.03%) in the rivaroxaban group (RR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.58-0.93; P = .01). Clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding occurred in 169 of 3417 patients (4.95%) in the apixaban group and 1094 of 12 475 patients (8.77%) in the rivaroxaban group (RR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.50-0.70; P < .01). Apixaban shows equivalent efficacy in prevention of recurrent VTE but decreased risk of major and minor bleeding events compared with rivaroxaban.

scholarly journals Predicting adult weight change in the real world: a systematic review and meta-analysis accounting for compensatory changes in energy intake or expenditure

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1181-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
E J Dhurandhar ◽  
K A Kaiser ◽  
J A Dawson ◽  
A S Alcorn ◽  
K D Keating ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Real World ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adult Weight ◽  
The Real

scholarly journals Direct comparison of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant versus warfarin for stroke prevention in non-valvular atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of real-world evidences

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoga Waranugraha ◽  
Ardian Rizal ◽  
Mokhamad Fahmi Rizki Syaban ◽  
Icha Farihah Deniyati Faratisha ◽  
Nabila Erina Erwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Real World ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Vitamin K Antagonist ◽  
The Real ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Abstract Background To overcome the several drawbacks of warfarin, non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) were developed. Even though randomized controlled trials (RCTs) provided high-quality evidence, the real-world evidence is still needed. This systematic review and meta-analysis proposed to measure the safety and efficacy profile between warfarin and NOACs in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients in preventing stroke. Results We collected articles about the real-world studies comparing warfarin and NOACs for NVAF patients recorded in electronic scientific databases such as Embase, ProQuest, PubMed, and Cochrane. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using the generic inverse variance method. A total of 34 real-world studies, including 2287288 NVAF patients, were involved in this study. NOACs effectively reduced the stroke risk than warfarin (HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.69 to 0.87; p < 0.01). Moreover, NOACs effectively lowered all-cause mortality risk (HR 0.71; 95% CI 0.63 to 0.81; p < 0.01). From the safety aspect, compared to warfarin, NOACs significantly reduced major bleeding risk (HR 0.68; 95% CI 0.54 to 0.86; p < 0.01) and intracranial bleeding risk (HR 0.54; 95% CI 0.42 to 0.70; p < 0.01). However, NOACs administration failed to decrease gastrointestinal bleeding risk (HR 0.78; 95% CI 0.58 to 1.06; p = 0.12). Conclusions In NVAF patients, NOACs were found to be more effective than warfarin at reducing stroke risk. NOACSs also lowered the risk of all-cause mortality, cerebral hemorrhage, and severe bleeding in NVAF patients compared to warfarin.

Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Tofacitinib in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis: Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Taxonera ◽  
David Olivares ◽  
Cristina Alba
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Real World ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mucosal Healing ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
The Real ◽  
Rate Of Response

Abstract Background Knowledge of the real-world effectiveness and safety of tofacitinib for ulcerative colitis (UC) is relevant to confirm the benefit observed in clinical trials. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the real-world effectiveness of tofacitinib for moderate to severely active UC. The primary outcome was clinical remission evaluated at week 8, weeks 12 to 16, and month 6. Secondary outcomes were response, corticosteroid-free remission, mucosal healing, colectomy, and safety. Results Seventeen studies with a total of 1162 patients with UC were included. Remission (11 studies) was achieved in 34.7% of patients at week 8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 24.4%-45.1%), 47% at weeks 12 to 16 (95% CI, 40.3%-53.6%), and 38.3% at month 6 (95% CI, 29.2%-47.5%) at month 6 duplicated. Response was achieved in 62.1%, 64.2%, 50.8%, and 41.8% of patients at week 8, weeks 12 to 16, month 6, and month 12, respectively. Corticosteroid-free remission (5 studies) was achieved in 38.4%, 44.3%, 33.6%, and 31% of patients at week 8, weeks 12 to 16, month 6, and month 12, respectively. Mucosal healing was achieved in 48.3% and 45.3% of patients at week 8 and weeks 12 to 16, respectively. Patients who were biologic-naïve (11.6%) had a significantly higher rate of response at week 8 (1.38; 95% CI, 1.03-1.84). The incidence rates of serious adverse events and herpes zoster was 8.9 and 6.9 per 100 patient-years, respectively. Conclusions This meta-analysis of real-world studies confirms the effectiveness of tofacitinib in a highly refractory population of patients with moderate to severely active UC. Tofacitinib showed an acceptable safety profile. These findings were consistent with clinical trials and further support the use of tofacitinib in UC.

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